Page 483 - Carrahers_Polymer_Chemistry,_Eighth_Edition

446 Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry

6. Many ceramics are partially polymeric in structure. These include the new superconductive
materials that exist as polymeric sheets connected by metal ions similar to many of the silicate
sheets.

GLOSSARY
Alumina: Aluminum oxide.
Annealing: Subjecting a material to near its melting point.
Asbestos: Group of silica-intensive materials containing aluminum and magnesium that gives
soft, threadlike fi bers.
Asbestosis: Disease that blocks the lung sacks with thick fi brous tissue.

Borosilicate glass: Relatively heat-shock-resistant glass with a small coefficient of thermal
expansion, such as Kimax and Pyrex.
Calcium-aluminate cement: Contains more alumina than Portland cement.
Chrysotile: Most abundant type of asbestos.

Concrete: Combination of cement, water, and filler material such a rock and sand.
Diamonds: Polymeric carbon where the carbon atoms are at centers of tetrahedra composed
of four other carbon atoms; hardest known natural material.
Feldspars: Derivatives of silica where one-half to one-quarter of the silicon atoms are replaced
by aluminum atoms.

Fibrous glass (fiber glass): Fibers of drawn glass.
Float glass: Glass made by cooling sheets of molten glass in a tank of molten time: most com-
mon window glass is of this type.
Glass: Inorganic product of fusion that has been cooled to a rigid condition without crystalli-
zation; most glasses are amorphous silicon dioxide.
Glass sand: Impure quartz crystals.
Glaze: Thin, transparent coatings fused on ceramic materials.
Granite: Hard crystalline rock containing mainly quartz and feldspar.
Graphite: Polymeric carbon consisting of sheets of hexagonally fused rings where the sheets
are held together by weak overlapping pi-electron orbitals; anisotropic in behavior.
Gypsum: Serves as the basis of plaster of Paris, Martin’s cement, and so on; shrinks very little
on hardening and rapid drying.
High-temperature superconductors: Polymeric copper oxide layers containing metal atoms
that hold them together, which are superconductors above the boiling point of liquid
nitrogen.
Inorganic polymers: Polymers containing no organic moieties.
Kaolinite: Important type of asbestos.
Lead glass (heavy glass): Glass where some or all of the calcium oxide is replaced by lead
oxide.
Lime: Calcium carbonate from oyster shells, chalk, and marl.
Magnesia cement: Composed mainly of MgO; rapid hardening.

Optical fibers: Glass fibers coated with highly reflective polymeric coatings; allows light
entering one end to pass though the fiber to the other end with little loss of energy.

Piezoelectric effect: Materials that develop net electronic charges when pressure is applied;
sliced quart is piezoelectric.
Portland cement: Major three-dimensional inorganic construction polymer containing cal-
cium silicates, lime, and alumina.
Precast concrete: Portland concrete cast and hardened before being taken to the site of use.
Prestressed concrete: Portland concrete cast about steel cables stretched by jacks.
Quartz: Crystalline forms of silicon dioxide: basic material of many sands, soils, and rocks.

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