Page 1017 - Industrial Power Engineering and Applications Handbook

962 Index

curing paint, 410 d.c. voltage sources, 129 double dielectric process, 81 1
current chopping, 646-8 de-rusting, 402, 403 double squirrel cage motors, 3840
current limiting reactors, 85&2 deep-sea mining, 175, 176 see also squirrel cage motors
current polarization, 691-2 deep-well pump motors, 170-5 double star arrangements, capacitors, 749
current ratings: definitions, 560-5, 915 draw-out components, 376-7, 386
aluminium, 915-16, 920-1 degreasing, 400-1 draw-out switchgear assemblies, 341-2
copper, 915-16.919 degree of protection verification, 264-5 dripping water ingress protection. 24. 267
copper cables, 371-2 deionization theory, 629-30 driving torquc, 516, 520
isolated phase bus systems, 931 delay tripping, 364-5 drying enclosures, 936-7
PVC insulated cables, 371-2 delayed action couplings, 197-8 ducts, 860, 891, 930
single core cables, 371-2 delta to star conversion, 758 dust protection, 265
switchgear assemblies, 345-50 derating: duties, induction motors, 49-68
current release protection, 681-4 bus systems, 870, 886-7 duty cycles, contactors/switches, 3 17
current source inverters (CSI), 126-7 cable factors, 544 duty rating, slip-ring induction motors, 90
current sources, motor control, 129 proximity effects, 886-7 dynamic currents:
current toleration, human body, 679 design: metal enclosed switchgear assemblies,
current transformcrs, 470-9 1 2500A non-isolated phase bus systems, 432-4
circuit diagrams, 474 89 1-900 testing, 957
connection precautions, 490-1 bus systems, 368-71 transformers, 488-90
core-balanced, 488, 685-8 calculations, 89 1-900
current error, 474 metal enclosed, 8624, 872-3
design, 471-5.685-6 core-balanced current transformers, earth. cross-section construction, 437
differential protection schemes, 479- 685-6 earth leakage circuit breakers see ground
83, 487 current transformers, 471-5, 685-6 leakage circuit.. .
error limits, 475 grounding grids, 7 12-19 earthquakes:
external fault conditions, 482 grounding stations, 706-7 causes, 437
general specification, 47 1-5 metal enclosed bus systems, 862-4, duration, 439
ground fault protection schemes, 688 872-3 engineering testing methods, 436-52
high impedance protection schemes, reactors, 848-50 metal enclosed switchgear assemblies,
479-83 switchgear assemblies, 342-64, 37 I- 436-52
indoor, 472-3 83 preventative measures, 452
insulation, 470-1, 686 voltage transformers, 457-69 recording, 43943
interposing, 476 dielectrics: response spectrum, 439-41
limits of error, 475 applications, 81 3 time history, 439, 440
measuring, 4754 capacitors, 811-12 TPC a1.w seismic effects
mounting, 686-8 loss factors, 260 eddy current couplings, 202,203
outdoor types, 472 property verification, 259-6 I, 422-4 effective magnitude, harmonic currents/
protection, 471, 477-83, 487, 688 test voltage verification, 260 voltages, 7414
PS type, 479-88 diesel generators, 499-500 effectively grounded systems see solid
ratio error, 474 annunciation schemes, 507, 508-9 neutral grounding systems
relays, 483-4 electrical protection, 507-14 efficiency, electrical machines, 18-20, 256
routine tests, 494-6 metering, 507-14 effluent treatment:
special-purpose, 479-88 power diagrams, 51 I painting, 400, 412-17
specifications, 471-5, 492 power factors, 504-5 passivation, 4 17
stability, 482 protection, 507-14 physio-chemical analysis, 412-13
summation, 476-7 selection, 504-5 plant flow diagram, 415
system harmonics, 485 starting, 506-7 plant layout, 416
type tests, 493-4 differential protection schemes, 479-83,487 waste water, 412-15
VA burden, 473-4 diodes, 112 EHV systems:
zone faults, 483 direct couplings, 197 communication service disturbances,
current unbalance, capacitors, 833 direct on-line starting (DOL), 71-2 736-9
current zero, definition, 565 direct switching induction motors, 762 grounding, 668-9
current-carrying capacity, 9 16-24 direct torque control (DTC), 108-1 1 line parameters, 786
current-carrying conductors, properties/ directional ground fault protection, 690-2 electric motors see motors
ratings, 913-25 discharge current, 595 electrical interlocks, 378-83
current-carrying equipment, ratings, 364-8 discharge devices: electricaI machines:
CVTs see capacitor voltage transformers capacitors, 819-24 certification, 266-9
cyclo converters, 127 resistance, 822-4 degree of protection verification, 264-
series inductors, 823-4 5
discontinuous enclosures see non- dielectric property verification, 25941
dampening, 135 continuous enclosures efficiency, 256
reactors, 852 discrete constant loads, 55-6 hazardous locations, 266-9
damping, 446-7 distribution networks: impulse voltage withstand tests, 261-3
Darlington transistors, 112-1 3 layouts, 347 load tests, 256-63
d.c. drives: surge arresters, 606-7, 614-15 locked rotor tests, 263-4
fluid coupling comparisons, 148-50 typical, 727 measurements, 25 1
motors, 147 diversity factors, 346, 366-7 no load tests, 263-6
performance comparisons, 148-50 DOL see direct on-line starting noise level measurement, 259
variable speed comparisons, 148-50 domestic single-phase system protection, overspeed tests, 257
d.c. link smoothing, 128-9 679-8 I power factors measurement, 257