Page 1019 - Industrial Power Engineering and Applications Handbook

964 Index

gapped surge arresters, 589-90 LT systems, 668-9 rotors, 279, 281-2
gas: necessity, 663 run tests, 427
circuit breakers, 637-43, 651-5 neutral, 668-9 sinks. 294-5
classification, I79 practices, 553-722 stators, 278, 281
gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), 113-14, systems, 657-75 switchgear assemblies, 425-6
125 theory, 677-93 heating:
gate turn-off switches (GTOs), 115, 116, transformers, 852 enclosures, 93841
I25 grounding grids: induction motors, 56-8
generating stations: corrosion factors, 7 12 motor heating, 43-6
auxiliary services, 358-9 design, 712-19 high impedance differential protection
parallel operation theory, 5 15-21 step/touch voltages, 712-14 schemes, 479-83
protection schemes, 51 2-13 grounding practices, 695-722 high impedance relays, 483-4
generators: conductor metals, 702-3 hold-on values, 468
circuits, 352-7 formulae, 720-1 hose test nozzles, 269
as condensers, 501-2 grid design, 712-19 hot air blowing, 936-7
fault currents, 355, 673 ground fault currents, 7 10-1 1 hot dip galvanizing line. 144-5
fault levels, 352-7 ground resistance, 709-10 HRC fuses, 288, 310-11, 314, 318, 6814
grounding, 671-4 industrial installation, 697-704 HT motors, 287-8, 308-12
induction, 156-61 location potential differences, 704 failures, 241-2
selection of circuits, 3567 method selection, 699-701 formed coils, 227-8
stability levels, 788 power generation, 704-19 fuses, 310-11
as synchronous motors, 501-2 standards, 720 impregnation, 2234
wind-power, 157-61 voltage gradients, 704-7 insulation, 222-3, 241-2
see nlso diesel generators grounding stations: protection, 287-8, 308-1 2
GFF see ground fault factors design parameters, 706-7 squirrel cage type, 75-6
gland plates, 372, 373 maintenance, 704 starters, 309
grades, aluminium alloys, 921 safe potential differences, 717-19 surge impedance, 563
greasing bearings, 238 step/touch voltages, 712-14 switchgear protection, 308-12
grid conductor sizes, 712, 713, 715 GTOs see gate turn-off switches vacuum pressure impregnation, 223-4
grid resistors, 86 HT systems:
ground conductors, 705, 715-19 capacitor banks, 780
ground fault factors (GFF), 666-7 hand-held sprayers, 268 capacitor protection, 836
ground fault neutralizers, 665-6 hardness tests, 408-9 classification, 736
ground fault protection schemes, 677-93 harmonics: fault levels, 35742
current determination, 710-1 1 appearance, 744-5 ground leakage, 685
current sharing, 715-16 capacitors, 73240 grounding, 668-9
directional, 690-2 performance, 7334 isolators, 309-10
formulae, 693 circulation theory, 74 1, 742 resin-rich coils, 26 1
hazardous areas, 684-5 current magnitude, 7414 switchgear assemblies, 3834
LT systems, 68 1-4 electronic circuits, 740-1 terminal box dcsign, 184, 185
parameter selection, 669-73 filter circuits, 745-50 see also HT motors
relay current settings, 692 generation, 740-2 human body:
restricted, 689-90 networks, 745-50 current toleration, 679
selection parameters, 669-73 nullifying effects, 748-50 ground conductor contact, 705
single current transformers, 688 order magnitude, 743 leakage current determination, 707-10
standards, 693 phase-controlled rectifier units, 130 resistance, 707-9
three-phase four-wire systems, 6834 power electronic circuits, 740-1 HV systems:
unrestricted, 690 power networks, 745-50 classification, 736
ground faults, voltage transformers, 462, protection, 275 communication service disturbances,
463 quantity circulation theory, 741, 742 736-9
ground leakage: resonance, 74 I line parameters, 786
CBCT currents, 687 static device switching circuits, 129-30 hydraulic couplings, 198-201
circuit breakers, 679-8 1 suppression, 745-50 hypocentres, 443
HI systems, 685 systems, 9-10, 485
ground potential rise, 705-6 telephone lines, 734
ground resistance, 701-2, 709-10 triple quantity circulation, 741, 742 I-phi characteristics, 848-50
grounded systems, 660-5 voltage magnitude, 7414 IGBTs see insulated gate bipolar
grounding: hazardous locations: transistors
application of different methods, 668- certification, 266-9 impedance grounding, 664-5.672-3
9 classification, 179 impregnation, HT motors, 2234
arrangements, 375-6 electrical machines, 266-9 impulse definition, 560-1
artificial, 668-9 ground fault protection, 684-5 impulse levels, 344-5
conductors, 702-3, 704 motors. 178-9 impulsc voltagc withstand:
different methods, application, 668-9 head loss, pipelines, 325-7 metal enclosed bus systems, 954, 955,
EHV systems, 668-9 heat: 956
electrodes, 697-704 bus systems, 874 specification framing of tests, 262-3
generators, 67 1-4 dissipation factors, 874 tests, 261-3, 424
HT systems. 668-9 losses, 425-6 inching motors, 161
insulation, 667-8 metal enclosed switchgear assemblies, INDAL aluminium, 867, 922-3
isolated phase bus systems, 935 425-6 indoor current transformers, 472-3