Page 1025 - Industrial Power Engineering and Applications Handbook

970 Index
signal shielding, 339 special-purpose motors, 165-94 enclosures, 949
silicon-controlled rectifiers, 115-16 formulae, 193 flat belts, 216
see also semiconductor devices selection, 189-92 ground fault protection schemes, 693
silver plating joints, 91 1 standards, 192-3 grounding practices, 674, 720
single core cables, 371-2 specifications: induction motors, 33, 67, 79, 95, 162
single current transformer protection, 688 current transformers, 47 1-5, 492 insulation, 228, 674
single phasing, 280-1, 291-2 electrical motors, 250 IS0 8402,247
single phasor (vector) control, 104-6 framing, 262-3 IS0 9000, 247-9
single-capacitors switching, 75 1-2 impulse voltage withstand tests, 262-3 IS0 9001, 247
single-device motor protection relays, IS, 247-50 IS0 9002, 248
293-9 summary, 492 IS0 9003, 248
single-phase motors: Zones, 180-2 IS0 9004, 248
capacitor start, 27-8, 30-1 speed control: metal enclosed systems, 452-3, 958
induction, 27-33 automatic, 95 motors, 162
protection, 679-8 1 cage motors, 99 overvoltages, 674
split phase winding, 27, 29 constant torque, 101-3 painting, 418
universal, 29, 32 fluid couplings, 145 reactors, 853
single-phase systems protection, 679-8 1 motor sensors, 11 1 screws, 912
skin effects: slip-ring induction motors, 934, 95 slip-ring induction motors, 95
analysis, 876-7 solid-state technology, 99-101 solar radiation, 949
bus systems, 873-8 squirrel cage motors, 99 special-purpose motors, 192-3
conductors, 873-8 speed switches, 308 squirrel cage induction motors, 79
determination, 877-8 speed-current tests, 257-8 surge arresters, 624
isolated conductors, 875-6 speed-torque: switchgear assemblies, 398-9, 452-3
rectangular bars, 875 curves, 37 switching devices. 824-5
tubular conductors, 938-9 tests, 257-8 system grounding, 674
slip measurcmcnt, 2567 spinning framc motors, 167-8 system voltage regulation, 807
slip recovery systems, 140-2 splashing water ingress protection, 268 transformers, 495
slip-ring induction motors: split phase winding, 27, 29 voltage regulation, 807
automatic speed control, 95 splitter plates, 636-7 voltage surges, 584
control, 81-96 sprayers, hand-held, 268 star capacitor units, 729, 730, 816-18
duty rating, 90 squaring technique, 297 star connected stators, 282
electrode electrolyte starters, 94-5 squirrel cage induction motors: staddelta starting, 72-3, 76
features, 83 autotransformer starting, 73-7 start and brake duties, 52, 53
five-step stator-rotor starter, 89 direct on-line starting, 7 1-2 starting:
formulae, 96 electrolyte switching, 78 current effects, 40-1
rotor resistance calculation, 9 1-3 formulae, 79 diesel generators, 506-7
rotor resistance selection, 84-7 HT motors, 75-6 frequency, 16 1
speed control, 934, 95 LT motors, 75 induction motors, 81, 83-91
standards, 95 reduced voltage starting, 72-8 motors, 12
starting, 81, 83-91, 94-5 soft starting, 77-8 control, 13840
step numbers, 89, 90 speed control, 99 frequency, 16 1
temperature limits, 91 standards, 79, 162 heating, 43-4
slip-ring motor tests, 264 staddelta starting, 72-3, 76 induction, 69-81, 83-91
smoothing reactors, 852-3 starting, 69-80 slip-ring induction motors, 81, 83-91
soft starting, 77-8, 13840 suitability, 190-1 soft, 77-8, 138-40
soft stopping, 140 switching, 78 squirrel cage induction motors, 69-80
soil: vertical hollow shaft, 172 switchgear assemblies, 388, 392-6
conductivity, 710 see also induction motors starting on reduced voltage, 72-8
contact resistance, 710 squirrel cage motors, 22-3, 26, 99, I62 static control, motors, 97-164
moisture, 710 double, 38-40 static devices, harmonics, 129-30
performance improvement, 710 stability, 482, 788 static drives, 13845, 145-6
resistivity, 700-1, 710 stainless steel grid resistance, 86 stations see power stations
solar radiation, 940-2, 949, 957 stalled conditions, 45-6 stator-rotor starters. 89
solid neutral grounding systems, 664 stalling protection, 291 stators:
solid-state technology: standard device function numbers, 550-1 currents, 7, 277
control, 11 1-16 standards: heat, 278, 281
energy conservation, 134-8 V-belts, 216 induction motors, 7
process plant operation, 142-4 aluminium, 925 star connected, 282
relays, 295-6 bearings, 242-3 steel:
speed control, 99-101 bolts, 912 core losses, 18
space factors, 870 brushes, 242 punched grid resistors, 86
see also proximity effects bus systems, 901-2, 958 steep-fronted transient recovery voltage,
space fields, 942 cables, 548-9 572-7
space heaters, 307-8, 378-9 capacitors, 773, 824-5, 842 steep-rising surges, 566-72
motor control centres, 374-5 captive power generation, 530 step numbers, 89, 90
switchgear assemblies, 397 circuit interrupters, 656 step voltages:
special-purpose capacitor units, XI X copper, 92.5 grounding grids, 712-14
special-purpose current transformers, 479- electric motors, 48, 3 19 tolerable, 704
88 electrical machines, 242-3, 269-7 1 stopping motors, 140, 161