Page 582 - Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse

552 Index

Industrial wastewater management source identification, 13
(Continued) streams treatment, 58
conventional methods and separation subclasses, 58
processes, 23–46 sustainability criteria, current status, 74, 75t
cost calculations, 70 technical and societal issues, 20–21
description, 521–522 techno-economic feasibility analysis, 62
dilute solutions, 69–70 temperature/climate, 72
early 1900s, 522–523 toxicity evaluation, 18
effluent treatment issues, 18–19, 19f toxic wastewater streams, 13
energy consumption pattern, 72–73, 72f treatment-cost analysis, 73, 73f
environmental pollution control, treatment, recycling and reuse, 13
hierarchical approach, 20–21, 20f value addition, 72
ethanol production, 62 water usage. See (Water usage)
examples of, 59–62, 60t Ion exchange process
flushing separation, water stream, 22 acid removal
future, 530–535 in aqueous streams, 109–111
government regulations, 69–70 basicity, 111
LC 50 /NOEL, 14–15 commercial weak base resins, 111
leaks/spills/wastages, 22 dissociation extraction, 113–114
metal pollutants, 17–18 experimental and theoretical
methods, 58–59 information, 109–111
noncompatible waste streams, 22 industrial wastewater streams,
nutrients, gardening/agricultural 109–111, 110t
purposes, 21 lactic acid/lactate salt separation,
odors, 15 111–113, 112f, 113f
ordinary laboratory procedures, 16 process separations, 113–114
past, 522–523 separation of acid, 109–111
plant-/process-specific measurement, 23 and solvent extraction, 114
present, 523–530 sorption equilibria, 109–111
primary, secondary and tertiary, 59 and adsorption, 32–33
primary treatment, UF systems and RO, ammoniacal nitrogen, 32
72–73 column and breakthrough curve analysis,
process integration, 19–20 107–108, 108f
raw materials, products and byproducts, cost, 131–132
19–20 description, 103
reaction/separation equipment dilute systems, 109
modification, 22 electrostatic attraction forces, 106
recommended format, effluent, 13, 14t enlarged pore and functionality,
3Rs approach, 19 104–105, 105f
secondary streams, 58–59 environmental problems, 33
sectors Fick’s law of diffusion, 106–107
dye wastewater treatment, 54–57 low-capacity, 106
food industry, 57–58 mass transfer and rate controlling step,
removal, metals (see Metals, industry 106–107, 107f
sectors) metathetical process, 105
separate and independent parameters, 15–16 microporous, mesoporous/macroporous,
separation technology (see Separation 103–104
technology) non-ionics/organics removal, 31–32