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Creating Your New Life Integration  277

           This often happens to newly appointed managers in organizations that
           do not effectively define responsibilities and accountability.
         6. A loss of someone personally or professionally important can lead to dis-
           tress. This is true even in positive situations when an individual is pro-
           moted or takes a better job in a different organization.
         7. Unresolved issues are the residual feelings we all carry with us when
           emotional issues are left unfinished. These can be current issues such as
           recent unresolved disagreements with coworkers or issues from the past
           that remain bothersome.
         8. Perceived differences between what should be and what is can lead to
           distress. We previously discussed cognitive dissonance, the feeling of
           tension, when we realize that there is a difference between what we really
           value and what we actually do. Losing out on a promotion creates disso-
           nance between your own and others’ beliefs about you. Having less
           money than you need to support the lifestyle you want creates a discrep-
           ancy between your real and the ideal income needs. If you are a leader
           moving up and in transition, there will be differences between what you
           are experiencing and what you expected would occur.

        Living with Chronic Stress
        Too much stress leads to distress. As we move toward a state of distress, there
        are indicators or signals to be aware of, such as the following:

        Headaches, neckaches, and           Violent behavior
           backaches                        Problems with perception, think-
        Sore and tense muscles                 ing, and concentration
        Feelings of anger, even rage        Difficulty in getting along with
        Generalized feelings of anxiety        others and generally being
        Loss of sleep and feeling              touchy
           chronically tired                Boredom with activities that used
        Dental problems                        to be enjoyable
        Abnormal levels of perspiration     Health issues such as diabetes
        Constipation or diarrhea            Depression
        High blood pressure

           Identifying these areas enables you to recognize them, identify their causes,
        and realize your own comfort zone. To use stress more constructively, try the
        following activity.
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