Page 199 - Masonry and Concrete

Footings, Foundation Walls, Basements, and Slabs
198 CHAPTER SIX

STAKES SET TO
FOOTING THICKNESS

LEVEL

STRAIGHT 2 4
FOR LEVELING

FOOTING
THICKNESS

FIGURE 6-10

Trenched footing without forms.

minimum of 12 in. or 30 times the diameter of the bars (Figure 6-12).
For foundation walls that are unreinforced, dowels can be used to
tie the footing and wall together instead of forming a keyway. If the
footing does not contain horizontal reinforcing bars, the dowels can
be tied to the spreaders on top of the footing forms to hold them in
place until the concrete hardens. Make sure the dowel spacing is
accurate, especially if the bars will have to align with the hollow
1
cores of a masonry unit wall. Provide a minimum distance of 1- 2
in. between the footing reinforcement and the sides of the form, and
keep the bars at least 3 in. off the ground to assure that they are fully

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