Page 200 - Masonry and Concrete

Footings, Foundation Walls, Basements, and Slabs
199
FOOTINGS, FOUNDATION WALLS, BASEMENTS, AND SLABS

embedded in concrete and protected from the corrosive effects of
moisture in the soil. Bars can be supported on small stones or pieces
of concrete block or tied to the 1 4 spreaders on top of the forms
with a loop of twisted wire.

6.3 Foundation Walls and Basements

Basements are quite common in many parts of the country and almost
unheard of in others. Where the frost line is relatively shallow and the
footings are therefore close to the finish grade, only a short foundation
wall (or stem wall as they are sometimes called) is needed to bring the
construction above ground to provide support for the building frame.
In cold climates where footings are required to be set deep in the
ground to avoid frost heave, foundation walls may have to be several
feet tall to reach above grade. With a little additional excavation, the
footings can be set deeper and the foundation wall height extended
sufficiently to accommodate construction of a habitable basement that
is fully or partially below grade. The taller the foundation wall
required by footing depth, the less additional work required to enclose
a basement space.

FIGURE 6-11
Stepped footing without forms.

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