Page 201 - Masonry and Concrete

Footings, Foundation Walls, Basements, and Slabs
200 CHAPTER SIX

DOWELS
MINIMUM 12" HORIZONTAL
AND 18" VERTICAL

LAP SPLICE 30
BAR DIAMETERS
OR 12" MINIMUM,
AND TIE WITH WIRE

SUPPORT BARS ON SMALL STONES,
PIECES OF CONCRETE, OR CONCRETE BLOCK
FIGURE 6-12
Footing dowels.

6.3.1 Foundation Walls
Excavations for foundation walls may be done in one of two ways. If
the foundation wall will be only a foot or two in height, the footing and
the wall may be built in a trench that outlines the perimeter of the
building and then backfilled from both sides. If the footing must be
deeper because of the frost depth, it is often expedient to excavate the
entire “footprint” of the building using heavy equipment. The wall is
then backfilled from the outside only, leaving a crawl space on the
inside of the wall. Walls that are backfilled on both sides are very sta-
ble because the soil pressures are balanced and help the wall to resist
buckling from vertical loads. Tall walls that are backfilled on only one
side must resist significant lateral loads from the unbalanced backfill.
Trench excavations for short walls and crawl space excavations for

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