Page 215 - Masonry and Concrete

Footings, Foundation Walls, Basements, and Slabs
214 CHAPTER SIX

PLYWOOD FORMS

DOUBLE
2 4
WALES

2 4
BRACES

FIGURE 6-23
Corner wales for tall concrete forms.

in the wall must always be tied to the footing (Figure 6-25). Vertical
stiffness in unreinforced masonry walls can also be increased by
adding thickened sections called pilasters (see Figure 6-26). Pilasters
are formed by turning concrete blocks perpendicular to the wall and
bonding the projecting units into the wall, overlapping them with the
adjacent blocks in alternating courses. Where pilasters project from
one or both faces of a wall, the footing should be wider as well to
accommodate the extra wall thickness.
Reinforcing steel in concrete and masonry walls not only increases
strength, but it also helps control shrinkage cracking by distributing
shrinkage stresses more evenly throughout the wall. Prefabricated

Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.