Page 294 - Masonry and Concrete

Paving

293
PAVING

2 4 1 /2" GAP

4"

5 1 /2" BOARD
4" CONCRETE

1 /2" BACKFILL
2" SAND
SAND FILL
FIGURE 8-15

Leveling sand bed.

SLOPE 1 /8"
TO 1 /4"
TOP OF CONCRETE
PER FT.

2" SAND

1 1 /2" MIN. SAND
THICKNESS
FIGURE 8-16
Sidewalk slope.

masonry sidewalks. First calculate the rise and run of the steps, add
the landing depth, then excavate the necessary length and width,
allowing extra room for building the forms. Dig out the excavation to a
uniform 6-in. depth. If you need a footing at the bottom of the steps,
form and pour it first as described in Chapter 6, and leave several steel
reinforcing dowels sticking out of the top of the footing to tie the steps
and footing together.
Forms for steps can be built of lumber or of plywood. The side
forms for steps with sloped landings and treads are easiest to build
3
out of 4-in. exterior-grade plywood. Measure from the bottom of the
excavation up to about 1 in. below the door sill and mark this dimen-

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