Page 900 - Mechanical Engineers' Handbook (Volume 2)

892 Index

Loop transfer functions, 469, 484–486 system structure/interconnection laws,
Loop transfer recovery (LTR), 787 311–315
Low-pass filters, 191–196 time-varying systems, 365–366
Low-pass prototypes, 203–205 Mathematical programming, 278
Low-recovery-factor probes, 151 MATLAB, 436, 438
LQR problem, see Linear-quadratic- MAUT (multiattribute utility theory), 283
regulator problem Maxwell, James Clerk, 444
LSB (least significant bit), 845 Mb (megabyte), 848
LTI differential equations, see Linear M-codes (miscellaneous functions), 702
time-invariant differential equations MCS (Motion Component Selector), 437
LTI systems, 475 Mead, Thomas, 395
Lumped (term), 66 Mean error, 125
Lumped-element models, 307, 364, 365 Means comparison, 27–29
LUTs, see Lookup tables Measurand (term), 3, 69
LVDT, see Linear variable differential Measurements, 116–129
transformer accuracy/precision in, 117
Lyapunov energy function, 808, 809 and error analysis, 123–129
impedance concepts in, 119–123
Lyapunov function, 744–746
linearity, 118–119
sensitivity/resolution in, 118
M standards for, 116–117
Measurement systems, 60–66
Magic-three code, 704, 705
characteristics of, 3–4
Magnetic tape, 699 dynamic interactions in instrument, 63–
Magnetic Technology, 556, 601 65
Manipulated variables, 388 flexural devices in, 70–73
Manipulators, robot, 711–714 interaction in instrument, 61–62
Manual programming, 702–706 null instruments, 65–66
Manual programming codes, 703 Mechanical time constant, 550
Mass: Mechatronics, 826–862
standards of, 116 and A/D conversion, 852
as term, 174 and basic analog electronics, see
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Analog electronics
(MIT), 697 binary numbers in, 844–847
Mass flow rate, 174 and D/A conversion, 852–853
Materials, law of intermediate, 140, 141 definition of, 826
Mathematical models, 300–381 and digital computers, 847–850
classifications of, 359, 361 modeling example of, 859–862
discrete/hybrid systems, 376–381 op amps in, 840–844
distributed-parameter, 364–365 sensors in, 853–859
ideal elements of, 302–311 and transfer of digital data, 850–851
linear systems analysis approaches, Megabyte (Mb), 848
321–350 Memory(-ies), 249–250, 681, 848–850
nonlinear systems, 366–376 Memory amplifiers, 497
rationale for, 300–302 MEMS, see Microelectromechanical
simulation, 352–359 systems
standard forms for linear, 314–321 MEMSCAP, 867, 868
state-variable methods, 340, 342, 349– MEMS-Exchange, 869
352 MEMS-PRO, 867
stochastic systems, 359–360, 362–363 Mercury slip rings, 105