Page 910 - Mechanical Engineers' Handbook (Volume 2)

902 Index

Stability (continued) solution of state equations, 340, 342,
of optimal-control law, 766–767 349–352
polar plots, 481 Static calibration, 4, 6–9, 93–95
Routh–Hurwitz criterion for, 475, 478– Static characteristics, 4
480 Static compliance, 121
of servomechanisms, 625–635 Static error coefficient (c ), 388, 389
i
in state-space, 743–746 Static random-access memory (SRAM),
as term, 102 241, 250
Stability analysis, 206 Static stiffness, 121
Stabilizing compensators, 774–776 Static systems, operating point of, see
Standards: Operating point of static systems
for measurements, 116–117 Stationary processes, 363
resistance–temperature, 157–158 Statistical testing, 23–26
Standard conditions (term), 174 Steady-state errors, 388, 389
Standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM), Steady-state Laplace transform, 189–190
174, 175 Steady-state model of ac servomotor,
Standard density, 174 559–560
Standard deviation, 362 Steady-state performance, 490–493
Standard deviation equation, 17 error-criteria comparison, 490–493
Standard second-order transfer function, indices of, 489
471–472 ISE criterion for, 489–490
State equations, 318, 342, 349 ITAE criterion for, 490
State reconstructors, 412 parabolic input, 488–489
State-space control system design, 757– ramp input, 487
788 step input, 483, 487
of linear state estimators, 776–783 Steady-state response of system, 328
LQR-problem extensions, 768–776 Steinhart–Hart equation, 167
observer-based controllers, 783–788 Step input, 483, 487
pole placement method, 758–763 Step input response:
standard LQR problem, 762–767 of second-order system, 472–474, 532,
State-space dynamic analysis, 717–755 534
characteristics of, 717–718 of third-order system, 535
continuous-time system equation Stepper motor modulators, 573–574
solutions, 732, 740–741 Stepper motors, 394, 562–569
controllability/observability, 746–752 advantages/disadvantages of, 562–563
discrete-time system equation solutions, definition of, 562
741–743 mathematical model of, 567
equations for, 718–720 numerical example of, 567–569
stability, 743–746 operation of, 563–564
state-vector selection/canonical forms types of, 564–567
in, 720–739 Stiffness, 119, 121–123
and transfer function descriptions, 752– Stiff systems, 359
754 Stochastic systems, 359–360, 362–363
State-space equations, 718–720 random processes, 360, 362–363
State transition matrix, 342 random variables, 360, 362–363
State-variable feedback (SVFB), 417, 418 state-variable formulation, 360
State-variable form, 318–322 Straight-series motors, 548
State-variable methods, 340, 342, 349– Strain gauge pattern, 71, 72
352 Strain gauges, 390, 855–859
eigenstructure, 350–352 Strain-induced emf, 149