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Hybrid materials based on polymer nanocomposites for environmental applications  521


                                                                       GO
                                                  D-band               rGO
                                                          G-band       rGO/PANI
                 rGO/PANI-Ru
             % Transmittance (a.u.)  rGO/PANI  1566  1493 1444  1130  Intensity (a.u.)
                                      1290
                               1637
                 rGO
                    3228
                              1733
                 GO
                              1631  1384  1118
                     3440
             4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000  500  1000  1200  1400  1600  1800  2000
            (A)        Wavenumber (cm )      (B)        Raman shift (cm )
                                                                  −1
                                 −1
           Fig. 19.7 (A) FT-IR spectra of GO, rGO, rGO/PANI, and rGO/PANI-Ru and (B) Raman
           spectra of GO, rGO, and rGO/PANI.
           From Vinoth R, Babu SG, Bharti V, Gupta V, Navaneethan M, Bhat SV, et al. Sci Rep
           2017;7:43133.




































           Fig. 19.8 SEM images of (A) GO, (B) rGO, (C) PANI-Ru, and (D) rGO/PANI-Ru and TEM
           images of (E), (F) rGO/PANI-Ru nanocomposite with different magnification.
           Reproduced with permission from Vinoth R, Babu SG, Bharti V, Gupta V, Navaneethan M,
           Bhat SV, et al. Sci Rep 2017;7:43133.
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