Page 447 - Sensors and Control Systems in Manufacturing
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Small Sensors in Flexible Manufacturing Systems 401
Force-
Actuated
Switch
Ultrasonic
Transducer
Extension
Springs
Transducer Pad
FIGURE 8.16 End effector on a welding robot.
which is perpendicular to the sound waves emitted from the sound
source (Fig. 8.18). Four conditions govern the performance of sound-
vision sensors:
• Standoff
• Large surfaces
• Small surfaces
• Positioning
