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not available in open literature. Table 6.2.3.1 (an update of the table shown in Roelofs
et al., 2013) shows an overview of experiments of fuel assemblies with wire wraps.
Apart from Roelofs et al. (2013), also Chen et al. (2014) and Pacio et al. (2016) give
elaborate literature reviews of experiments. When looking at the historic data (up to
1980 when the focus was to understand phenomena and provide data for system
codes), a trend can be seen in increasing the number of pins from 7 up to 217. The
same trend is visible in more recent times (starting from 2005) in which the focus
is put in providing data for validation of CFD codes.
For the design and safety analyses of LMFRs, simulations are required at system
level using system thermal-hydraulic codes like RELAP. In these system thermal-
hydraulic codes, the heat transport within the core is essential and is taken into account
by means of correlations. Several recent reviews of past experimental data and also the
recent experiments by Kennedy et al. (2015) confirm the pressure drop correlations of
Rehme and Cheng and Todreas can be recommended. However, the heat-transfer cor-
relations for liquid metals show a large spread as clearly demonstrated by many

Table 6.2.3.1 Overview of experiments of fuel assemblies with wire wraps

No. of
Re
Experiment Fluid pins
Collingham et al. (1970) Sodium 7 5000–50,000
Fontana (1973) and Wantland et al. Sodium 19 6400–160,000
(1976)
Ohtake et al. (1976) Air 37 6800–15,000
Lorenz and Ginsberg (1977) Water 91 9000–24,000
Chiu (1979) Water 37 3000–14,000
Roidt et al. (1980) Air 217 12,000–73,000
Engel et al. (1980) Sodium 61 500–15,000
Fenech (1985) Water 61 100–11,000
Chun and Seo (2001) Water 19 100–60,000
Choi et al. (2003) Water 271 1100–78,000
McCreery et al. (2008) Mineral oil 7 22,000
Sato et al. (2009) Water 7 6000
Tenchine (2010) Air 19 3000–28,000
Nishimura et al. (2012) Water 3 2700–13,500
Prakash et al. (2011) Water 217 75,000
Kennedy et al. (2015) Lead-bismuth 127 4000–35,000
Narita and Ohshima (2015) Water 127 19,000–70,000
Pacio et al. (2016) Lead-bismuth 19 14,000–48,000
Di Piazza et al. (2016) Lead-bismuth 19 1200–15,000
Kim et al. (2016) Water 37 6700–39,000
Lyu et al. (2016) Lead-bismuth 61 2500–50,000
Vaghetto et al. (2016) Water and 61 4000–11,000
p-cymene
Padmakumar et al. (2017) Water 217 200–85,000
Chang et al. (2017) Water 61 16,000–60,000