Page 94 - Mechanical Behavior of Materials

Section 3.6 Ceramics and Glasses 95

Table 3.10 Properties and Uses for Selected Engineering and Other Ceramics

Melting Elastic
Ceramic Temp. Density Modulus Typical Strength Uses
T m ρ E
◦ C g/cm 3 GPa σ u ,MPa (ksi)
3
3
( F) (lb/ft ) (10 ksi) Tension Compression
◦
Soda-lime glass 730 2.48 74 ≈ 50 1000 Windows, containers
(1350) (155) (10.7) (7) (145)
Type S glass (fibers) 970 2.49 85.5 4480 — Fibers in aerospace
(1780) (155) (12.4) (650) composites
Zircon porcelain 1567 3.60 147 56 560 High-voltage electrical
(2850) (225) (21.3) (8.1) (81) insulators
Magnesia, MgO 2850 3.60 280 140 840 Refractory brick,
(5160) (225) (40.6) (20.3) (122) wear parts

Alumina, Al 2 O 3 2050 3.89 372 262 2620 Spark plug insulators,
(99.5% dense) (3720) (243) (54) (38) (380) cutting tool inserts,
fibers for composites
2570 5.80 210 147 2100 High-temperature
Zirconia, ZrO 2
(4660) (362) (30.4) (21.3) (304) crucibles, refractory
brick, engine parts
Silicon carbide, SiC 2837 3.10 393 307 2500 Engine parts,
(reaction bonded) (5140) (194) (57) (44.5) (362) abrasives, fibers
for composites
Boron carbide, B 4 C 2350 2.51 290 155 2900 Bearings, armor,
(4260) (157) (42) (22.5) (420) abrasives

Silicon nitride, Si 3 N 4 1900 3.18 310 450 3450 Turbine blades,
(hot pressed) (3450) (199) (45) (65) (500) fibers for composites,
cutting tool inserts
Dolomitic limestone — 2.79 69.0 19.2 283 Building stone,
(Hokie stone) (174) (10.0) (2.79) (41.0) monuments
Westerly granite — 2.64 49.6 9.58 233 Building stone,
(165) (7.20) (1.39) (33.8) monuments
Notes: Data are for materials in bulk form except for type S glass. Temperatures given for the two forms of
glass correspond to softening, with complete melting occurring above this.
Source: Data in [Farag 89] p. 510, [Ashby 06] p. 180, [Coors 89], [Gauthier 95] p. 104, [Karfakis 90],
[Musikant 90] p. 24, and [Schwartz 92] p. 2.75.