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234———Miller, Frazier Glenn (1941– )

Further Reading black sergeant at the local prison in Moore County and
was being harassed by the CKKKK.
Cooley, John K. Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and
International Terrorism. Sterling, VA: Pluto, 1999. The case came to trial with Morris S. Dees, an anti-
Dajami-Shakeel, Hadia, and Ronald A. Messier, eds. The Klan activist lawyer from the Southern Poverty Law
Jihad and Its Times. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Center in Alabama, representing Person. In addition to
Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, 1991. harassment, charges related to the CKKKK’s paramil-
Gunaratna, Rohan. Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of itary activities had been added. During the trial, Miller
Terror. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. maintained that group members were only involved
Juergensmeyer, Mark. Terror in the Mind of God: The Global in “self-defense”; that they were training men, women,
Rise of Religious Violence. Updated ed. Berkeley: and children how to safely shoot and maintain firearms;
University of California Press, 2001. and that they rarely practiced outdoor maneuvers. On
Kelsay, John, and James Turner Johnson, eds. Just War and January 17, 1985, the case was settled out of court, with
Jihad: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on War terms that called for no monetary settlements but the
and Peace in Western and Islamic Tradition. New York: end of all paramilitary activity by the CKKKK.
Greenwood, 1991.
Mohaddessin, Mohammad. Islamic Fundamentalism: Miller subsequently disbanded the CKKKK and
The New Global Threat. Washington, DC: Seven Locks, formed the White Patriot Party, a paramilitary group
1993. that embraced Christian Identity-type racist beliefs.
O’Ballance, Edgar. Islamic Fundamentalist Terrorism, The WPP’s goal was to create a white “Southland” in
1979-95: The Iranian Connection. New York: New York the southern United States by 1992; such a settlement
University Press, 1997. had been described by William Pierce in his race-war
novel, The Turner Diaries (1978).
In 1986, Miller and other WPP members were
MILLER, FRAZIER GLENN (1941– ) arrested for conspiracy to murder Dees and for con-
tinuing to conduct paramilitary operations in North
aka F. Glenn Miller, Jr., Glenn Miller
Carolina. Testimony in the case revealed that Miller
accepted $200,000 in stolen funds from Robert Jay
During the 1980s, Frazier Glenn Miller, a former Mathews, founder of the Order, and that active-duty
U.S. Army officer, was the leader of the Carolina military personnel were involved in training members
Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (CKKKK) and, later, the of the WPP. Miller was sentenced to six months in
White Patriot Party (WPP), a paramilitary offshoot of prison in July 1986 for disobeying the court order
the CKKKK. prohibiting him from operating the WPP.
Miller was discharged from the Army in 1979 for While free on bond and awaiting appeal, Miller
distributing racist literature. In November of that year, went underground. In April 1987, he mailed nearly
he allegedly helped instigate an attack on an anti-Klan 5,000 letters to other white supremacists, issuing a
rally and march in Greensboro, North Carolina, in declaration of “total war” against the federal govern-
which five demonstrators, all members of the Com- ment, which Miller referred to as ZOG (Zionist occu-
munist Workers Party, were gunned down by Klansmen pation government), and urging others to take up arms
and American Nazis. When all of the accused were against nonwhites, civil rights activists, and judges.
acquitted on April 15, 1984, Miller, already a vocal pub- Miller was captured in May 1987 in Ozark,
lic figure in North Carolina, called the Klansmen and Missouri. Federal agents staged a predawn raid, firing
Nazis “heroes” who acted in “self-defense” and claimed tear gas canisters into Miller’s mobile home. At the
that the verdict was a victory for “all patriotic, anti-com- same time, other WPP members—Robert Jackson and
munist, freedom-loving Christian people.” Lawrence Sheets (both wanted in North Carolina for
In the mid-1980s, Klan activity throughout the failing to appear to testify in a conspiracy case), and
country was declining; however, under Miller’s leader- Tony Wydra—were arrested. Wydra was later released
ship, the CKKKK raised its profile, becoming one of without being charged
the most active Klan groups. In 1983, Bobby Person, a
black prison guard in rural Moore County, North See also KU KLUX KLAN; ROBERT JAY MATHEWS; THE
Carolina, filed a civil rights suit against Miller and the ORDER; THE TURNER DIARIES; WHITE PATRIOT PARTY;
CKKKK. Person was working to become the first WHITE SUPREMACY