Page 206 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

Determination of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Sewage Sludge 187

Soil 2.21 c 1.45 e 0.95 f 0.95 f 1.91 f 0.90 f 1.41 f 1.40 f 1.76 f 1.40 f 1.75 i 1.85 i 2.67 k 1.40 i 0.95 f 0.11 l

Digested Sludge 2.70 b 2.10 b 2.40 b 1.55 f 1.36 b 1.04 b 1.83 b 1.15 b 2.52 b 2.30 b 2.46 h 2.56 h 2.67 k 2.45 h 0.70 b — Barron et al. 2009;

Log K d Secondary Sludge 2.07 a 2.37 d 1.24 d 1.53 d 2.25 d 1.89 a 2.40 a 2.13 a 2.56 a — 2.54 g 4.54 j 2.21 d 2.90 j 0.68 g 1.29 a Krascsenits et al. 2008.

Primary Sludge 2.29 a 2.11 d 1.50 b 2.11 d 1.31 d 0.51 a 2.63 a 2.50 a 2.81 a 1.00 b 2.44 g 4.02 j 2.27 d 2.77 j — 1.36 a Stuer-Lauridsen et al. 2000; f López de Alda et al. 2002; l

Physicochemical Properties of the Selected Pharmaceutical Compounds
pK a 4.2 4.9 4.5 4.2 3.5 1.7, 5.6 6.6 13.9 9.5 14 10.4 10.4 9.8 10.4 3.2 4.7 Unpublished experimental data; e

Log K ow 4.5 4 3.1 3.2 1.2 0.9 1.4 2.5 0.7 −0.1 3.7 3.9 2.8 3.4 2.6 4.8 Carballa et al., 2007; k

Sw (mg L −1 ) 2.4 21 300 16 2000 610 171 17.7 3009 21,700 11.3 3.6 441 30 582 10.9 K a , acid ionization constant; K d , solid-water distribution coefficient; K ow , octanol-water distribution coefficient; S w , solubility in water. Drillia et al., 2005; d Sarmah et al. 2008; j

Pharmaceutical Compound Diclofenac Ibuprofen Ketoprofen Naproxen Salicylic acid Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim Carbamazepine Propranolol Caffeine 17α-Ethinylestradiol 17β-Estradiol Estriol Estrone Clofibric acid Gemfibrozil Okuda et al. 2009; c Ternes et al. 2004; h Carballa et al. 2008; i

TABLE 9.2 Therapeutic Group Anti-inflammatories Antibiotics Antiepileptic β-Blocker Nervous stimulant Estrogens Lipid regulators a Radjenović et al. 2009a; b g