Page 37 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

18 Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment

activities. The rapid growth of industrialization and globalization has increased the
emission of harmful pollutants into the environment. Wastewater discharged from
industry contains harmful substances such as heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, and
other toxic complex chemical compounds. When these harmful pollutants reach the
receiving water bodies, they completely alter the quality of the water and make it
unfit for drinking and irrigation. The contaminants in the water sources are bioac-
cumulated into living organisms and progressively biomagnified. When contami-
nants in the water exceed the permissible limit, they cause fatal disorders and other
genetic disorders. Wastewater shows negative impacts on the environment, such as
eutrophication, depletion of dissolved oxygen, and bioaccumulation. These negative
impacts are irreversible, and the effects on human beings and other living organisms
are severe. Many serious health effects and fatal disorders are caused by wastewater.
In addition, due to the increasing water pollution, there occurs a scarcity of potable
water. To avoid the ill effects of this wastewater, stringent regulation must be accom-
plished with sustainable water treatment technologies. The clear understanding and
monitoring of wastewater is a must. Implementing biological technologies for treat-
ing wastewater will help in controlling secondary waste production.

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