Page 193 - A Handbook Genre Studies in Mass Media

CHAPTER 7

Webster University student Randy Roland examined the evolution of
production values in the Batman superhero films and found that the shape
of the Batman symbol in Batman (1989), directed by Tim Burton, and
Batman Begins (2005), directed by Christopher Nolan, reflected different
visions on the part of the directors:
The bat symbol in Burton’s film is rounded and curvy, whereas in Nolan’s
film, the symbol is sharp and angular. . . . Burton’s curvy symbol suggests
that the image of Batman being presented in this film is not one of fear
but of protection, which is associated with circles.
But in the 2005 Batman movie, the major theme is fear—perhaps
influenced by Americans being in a constant state of fear of terrorists. In
the movie, the major mob boss, Carmide Falcone, rules the city based on
fear. In Bruce Wayne’s case, fear drives him to do good. The Bat symbol
is jagged and straight-edged and has elements of a square and a triangle.
Triangles are associated with power, conflict, and motion. Squares are
associated with fairness and solidarity. This symbol suggests that in this
version, Batman embodies fairness and solidarity. He believes in justice
and fights with power and determination. 14

Movement

Because movement makes the world on screen appear so lifelike, people
tend to assume that the events depicted are real and believe the messages
that are conveyed in the programming.
The direction of movement conveys distinct messages:

• Movement directed toward the audience can either be friendly (e.g.,
an invitation or sign of intimacy), aggressive, or menacing.
• Movement directed away from the audience can signal either aban-
donment, retreat, avoidance, or resolution.
• Movement directed upward often is a positive sign (something going
to heaven or, perhaps, outer space).
• Movement directed downward often is a negative sign (e.g., crashes
or fights), or signals defeat.

Movement is a significant production element in several genres. The
comedies of the era of silent films featured stars like Charlie Chaplin,
Harold Lloyd, and the comedy team of Laurel and Hardy. Chaplin’s abil-
ity to communicate nonverbally extended not just to humor but pathos
as well; the character of the Little Tramp drew sympathetic responses
from the audience.

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