Page 6 - Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding

Preface

During recent years, systematic effort has established the Chapters 1e3 focus on various aspects of low-salinity
scientific basis for low-salinity and smart waterflood and smart waterflood. Chapter 1 serves as an introduc-
technology. Moreover, various enhanced oil recovery tion to the topic by tracing the development of
(EOR) techniques are combined with low-salinity and low-salinity and smart waterflood technologies in the
smart waterflood technology. Smart water-based hybrid laboratory and field. Chapter 2 reviews proposed
EOR techniques are still new and developing technolo- mechanisms in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs.
gies. Though widespread successful applications remain Chapter 3 discusses modeling methods including
at the laboratory and field use is generally limited to pilot empirical modeling and mechanistic modeling using
scale, the advance of technology is fostering the accep- geochemistry.
tance of hybrid EOR technologies coupled with smart Chapters 4e6 focus on various hybrid EOR technol-
waterflood through the petroleum community. The ogies combined with low-salinity and smart waterflood.
applicability of smart water-based EOR technologies, its Chapter 4 describes hybrid chemical EOR including
economic feasibility, and indications for future di- polymer flood/gel treatment, surfactant flood, alkaline
rections have become essential elements of current EOR flood, surfactant-polymer flood, and alkaline-surfactant-
research. polymer flood. Chapter 5 presents hybrid CO 2 EOR
The authors believe that more comprehensive refer- including CO 2 WAG and carbonated waterflood.
ence is needed to facilitate the exchange of information Chapter 6 explains hybrid thermal recovery including
and a discussion of ideas for the field application and hot water injection and steam injection for heavy oil
future research emphasis. In view of this, the authors recovery.
prepared this book, which reviews and summarizes en- This book would never have been published without
gineering fundamentals of smart waterflood coupled the able assistance of the Elsevier staff for their patience
with EOR and current progress in research and practical and excellent editing job. We shall appreciate any
applications. The intent of this book is to provide a comments and suggestions.
rather in-depth review and to be a guide to the engi-
neering aspects of smart waterflood-based EOR
Kun Sang Lee
technologies. Seoul, Korea

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