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Chapter 4
Equilibrium I: Introduction to
Equilibrium and Le Chitelier’s
Principle
INTRODUCTION
When reactants combine in a chemical reaction to form products, the
conversion of reactants to products is often incomplete, no matter
how long the reaction is allowed to continue. In the initial state, the
reactants are present at a definite concentration. As the reaction
proceeds, the concentration of reactants decreases and after a certain
time, t, the concentrations of the reactants level off and become
Concentrationhl
Timds
Figure 4.1 Concentration of reactants and products as a function of time for the
reaction A + B C + D
