Page 20 - A Working Method Approach For Introductory Physical Chemistry Calculations

4 Chapter I
Table 1.1 Summary of some of the common oxyanions, the corre-
sponding oxyacidr, charges, oxidation numbers and the
number of replaceable hydrogens

Charge Oxyanion Oxyacid eA
-1 N"'0; (Nitrite) H N1"02 (Nitrous acid) 1
-1 NVOi (Nitrate) H Nv03 (Nitric acid) 1
-2 ~'~0:- te) H2StV03 (Sulfurous acid) 2
(Sulfi
-2 ~~'0:- (sulfate) H2SV104 (Sulfuric acid) 2
-3 PI"0:- (Phosphite) H3p11103 (Phosphorous acid) 3
-3 PvO!- (Phosphate) HgV04 (Phosphoric acid) 3

-1 ClvOy (Chlorate) HClV03 (Chloric acid) 1
-1 Clv"O;(Perchlorate) HClV"04 (Perchloric acid) 1

-2 CIvO;-(Carbonate) H2CIV03 (Carbonic acid) 2

THE GAS LAWS-IDEA OF PROPORTIONALITY

Boyle's Law
Pressure is defined as the force acting on a unit area, i.e. p = F/A. The
unit of pressure is the newton per square metre, N m-' or the Pascal,
Pa. At sea level, the pressure due to the weight of the earth's atmo-
sphere is approximately lo5 Pa. The bar, is often used as the unit of
pressure in problems in physical chemistry, where 1 bar = lo5 N m-'
or lo5 Pa.
Consider the effect of a piston pressing down on a fixed mass of gas
of initial pressure Pinitial and initial volume Vinitial, (Figure 1.3).

Figure 1.3 Application of pressure on a definite mass of gas at constant
temperature