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viii Preface

flow analysis of the reactors or conducting patterns without taking into consideration the
physicochemical phenomena involved, i.e. adsorption, ion exchange, or catalysis. Hydraulic
analysis follows different routes for each reactor type. On the basis of the reactor character-
istics, the most important aspects are analyzed: nonideal flow and liquid holdup for f ed ix
beds, bflu- ubble columns and agitated tanks, ubble analysis and phases holdup for slurry b
idizing regimes and analysis for fluidized beds, and agitation analysis for tank reactors.
Furthermore, scale-up analysis is included for all the reactors.
Special reference should be made for the last section of Chapter 3: Particle analysis.
Everything in connection with particle properties and basic calculations, irrespecti v e of its
specific use, is presented: from particle surface area to calculations regarding its terminal
fusion velocity and dif coef concerning materials used in adsorption, icients. Furthermore, f
ion exchange, and catalysis, special paragraphs are included in Chapters 4 and 5 as well as
the management of spent materials.
Nearly all the examples contained are based on real experimental data found in the lit-
erature with environmental interest. Most of the examples consider all aspects of operation
design—kinetics, hydraulics, and mass transfer . All parameters in the e xamples are calcu-
lated using correlations, f and tables provided in the book—thus no parameters just igures,
“appear” in the te some te , v xt. Moreo er oted to pro v xt in the e vide infor- xamples is also de
mation about the pollutants remoed or treated. v
Special issues are found in “Look into” paragraphs. These sections could be viewed as
highlights. Here, special subjects are discussed in detail. Special cases, where signif icant
applications are presented, can be also be found in the book.
Finally, Appendices I and II are structured so that the reader can easily find some basic
ersions,
v
properties of environment-related compounds and unit con or smartly estimate
some parameters found in relationships in the rest of the book. The Appendix does not
,
cover all cases and compounds; ho it is a first and separate guide provided to the
we
er
v
reader for the basic calculations and properties found in this book.