Page 9 - Advanced Design Examples of Seismic Retrofit of Structures

Chapter 1

Introduction

Mohammad Yekrangnia* and Salar Arian †
*
Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran,
†
International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, Iran

Aims
By reading this chapter, you are introduced to:
l seismic risk reduction strategies;
l performance-based earthquake engineering;
l basic terminology in seismic retrofit standards; and
l the concept of seismic resilience.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Because of the rich literature of earthquake engineering and decades of inter-
national efforts toward seismic risk characterization all around the world, the
major categories of possible losses from seismic damage are well classified.
The most important type of losses is the extent of casualties which led to intro-
duction of the provision of life safety as the main concern of minimum technical
requirements in codes and standards around the world. The second sources of
concern are financial losses, either from direct costs of loss of or damage to
properties including the structures, infrastructures, and nonstructural compo-
nents, or due to loss of the function of the buildings and the recovery time
for the services provided by them.
Identification of all types of potential losses allows different stakeholders
such as individual owners of buildings and governments to compare their
importance against other demands for the use of limited resources for
budget allocation. Performance-based earthquake engineering, whether used
for risk assessment and retrofit of existing buildings or design of new ones, pro-
vides a standard framework for determination and measurement of losses [1].
In the case of construction of new buildings, the basic design procedures as
well as technical details to prevent dangerous failure modes are well known for
most engineered structural systems around the world. Although building codes
are still constantly being updated, the challenges with new buildings are

Advanced Design Examples of Seismic Retrofit of Structures. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102534-5.00001-5
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