Page 83 - Advanced English Grammar in Use

V e r b + + t o - i n f i n i t i v e o r b a r e i n f i n i t i v e
or
to-infinitive
Verb
infinitive
bare
Verb + (object) + to-infinitive
Verb + (object) + to-infinitive
some verbs, we need to include an object before a to-infinitive:
After some verbs, we need to include an object before a to-infinitive:
After
considered her to be the best person for the job.
• * I TI considered her to be the best person for the job.
police warned everyone to stay inside with their windows closed.
• * The police warned everyone to stay inside with their windows closed.
The
cause, command, enable, encourage,
There are many verbs like this including allow, believe, cause, command, enable, encourage,
There are many verbs like this including allow, believe,
entitle, force, invite, order, persuade, show, teach, tell.
entitle, force, invite, order, persuade, show, teach, tell.
some verbs, we can't include an object before a to-infinitive:
After
After some verbs, we can't include an object before a to-infinitive:
о • * The shop refused to accept a cheque.
The shop refused to accept a cheque.
• oat • * He threatened to report their behaviour to theprincipal. (not He threatened them to report
threatened to
report their behaviour to the principal,
(not He threatened them to report
He
behaviour...)
their behaviour...)
their
agree, consent, decide, fail, hope, pretend, start, volunteer.
Other verbs like this include
Other verbs like this include agree, consent, decide, fail, hope, pretend, start, volunteer.
some verbs, an object might or might not be included before a to-infinitive. Compare:
After some verbs, an object might or might not be included before a to-infinitive. Compare:
After
(= I do the driving) and I prefer you to drive. (= you do the driving)
• ¢ I prefer to drive. (= I do the driving) and • * I prefer you to drive. (= you do the driving)
Iprefer to drive.
(= we complete it) and
• * We need to complete this report by Friday. (= we complete it) and
We need to complete this report by Friday.
(= they complete it)
We need them to complete this report by Friday. (= they complete it)
• * We need them to complete this report by Friday.
verbs like this include can bear (in negative sentences and in questions), hate, help, like,
Other
Other verbs like this include can bear (in negative sentences and in questions), hate, help, like,
to-infinitive or bare infinitive (see E):
love, want, wish. Notice that after help we can use either a a to-infinitive or bare infinitive (see E):
love, want, wish. Notice that after help we can use either
I'll help you (to) arrange the party if you like.
• e J'llhelp you (to) arrange the party if you like.
With some verbs in the pattern verb + object + to-infinitive we have to put the word
With some verbs in the pattern verb + object + to-infinitive we have to put the word
immediately after the verb:
for
for immediately after the verb:
waited for the taxi to come before saying goodbye, (not ...waited the taxi to come...)
• * We waited for the taxi to come before sayinggoodbye. (not ...waited the taxi to come...)
We
arranged for Jane to stay in London, ...arranged Jane to stay...)
They
• * They arranged for Jane to stay inLondon. (not
(not ...arranged Jane to stay...)
After apply and
Other verbs like this include appeal, apply, campaign, long (= want), plan.
Other verbs like this include appeal, apply, campaign, long (= want), plan. After apply and
to-infinitive is usually passive:
campaign, the
campaign, the to-infinitive is usually passive:
They applied for the hearing to be postponed.
• * They applied for the hearing to be postponed.
Verb + (object) + bare infinitive
Verb + (object) + bare infinitive
by a bare infinitive after an object:
Some verbs are followed by a bare infinitive after an object:
Some verbs are followed
him run away from the house, (not ...noticed him to run...)
She noticed
a a • * She noticed fim run away from the house. (not ...noticed him to run...)
• T «I made Peter wait outside, (not ...made Peter to wait...) q
«I made Peter wait outside. (not ...made Peter to wait...)
verbs like this include feel, hear, observe, overhear, see, watch; have, let. Notice, however,
Other verbs like this include feel, hear, observe, overhear, see, watch; have, let. Notice, however,
Other
in passive sentences with these verbs, we use a to-infinitive:
that
that in passive sentences with these verbs, we use a to-infinitive:
overheard to say that he hoped John would resign.
• * He was
He was overheard to say that he hoped John would resign.
(feel, hear, notice, observe, overhear, see, watch) we can use either the
After some of these verbs
After some of these verbs (feel, hear, notice, observe, overhear, see, watch) we can use either the
39F).
-ing
a
the
in
form,
there
difference
usually
but
Unit
is
infinitive
meaning
(see
or
hear tell, make believe, and let (it) slip: let to said it unintentionally) pretended) let go!'
bare infinitive or the -ing form, but usually there is a difference in meaning (see Unit 39F).
bare
verbs
by
in
infinitive
few
directly
phrases,
a
can
idiomatic
be
including
followed
bare
fairly
A A few verbs can be followed directly by a bare infinitive in fairly idiomatic phrases, including
hear tell, make believe, and let (it) slip:

(=
himself.
made believe that he had caught the huge fish
He made believe that he had caught the huge fish himself. (= pretended)
He
• e
slip that she's leaving.
(=
s
She let (it) slip that she's leaving. (= said it unintentionally)
She let (it)
• ¢

do
and
make
phrases
the
also
go:
('Don't let go!’
(‘Don't
Notice
Notice also the phrases make do and let go:
my
make
do
I had
new
bike;
Jim borrowed
Jim borrowed my new bike; I had to make do
• *
(= it wasn't the one I wanted)
with my old one.
with my old one. (= it wasn't the one I wanted)
Verb + to-infinitive -ing?
Verb + to-infinitive or-ing?: =>
or