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68 Aeronautical Engineer’s Data Book
Rolling moment (L )
R
Moment tending to roll an aircraft about its
nose-to-tail axis (i.e. to raise or lower the
wing tips).
Yawing moment (N)
Moment tending to swing the nose of an
aircraft to the left or right of its direction of
flight.
Figure 4.1 shows the basic sign conventions that
are used. Motions are often also referred to by
their relation to x-, y-, z-axes: See Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 The general axis system
Axis Moment Moment of Angular
inertia displacement
x L R (roll) I x
y M (pitch) I y
z N (yaw) I z
