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Thermomechanical behaviour of single energy piles 273
Figure 6.1 (A) Modelling approach of nonhomogeneous soil deposits; (B) modelling approach of
nonhorizontal soil layers; and (C) idealisation of stress, strain, displacement and temperature fields
within energy piles.
The sign convention considered in the following coincides with that employed
thus far. That is contractive strains, downward displacements, compressive stresses and
increases in angles in the anticlockwise direction are considered to be positive.
6.3 Classification of single energy piles
Energy piles can be classified in different types according to various criteria. These cri-
teria can be considered to coincide with those available for conventional piles [see,
e.g. Tomlinson and Woodward (1993) and Fleming et al. (2008)].
A widely used classification criterion refers to the pile installation technique
because this aspect has the greatest influence on the response of such foundations to
