Page 108 - Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

National size and shape surveys for apparel design 71

intergenerational adult studies (18–100years) were undertaken, a means of addressing
life-span morphological changes would be required (e.g., spinal posture—see
Ashdown and Na, 2008).
It is important to note that both of these standards (ISO 8559 and ISO 7250) were
revised in 2017, and although there are a few basic measurements, common to both
standards, there is now a much clearer distinction between the amount and type of
landmarks, measurements, and postures required for clothing as opposed to techno-
logical design.

Table 3.3 The recruitment of subjects participating in the SizeUK survey. Figures for seven
age bands recruited for each of three regional centers (total populations in each region were
matched for accurate representation)
Age group 16–25 26–35 36–45 46–55 56–65 66–75 76+ Sum

Region 1 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 1316
Region 2 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 1316
Region 3 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 1316
Totals 564 564 564 564 564 564 564 3948
Allen et al. (2003).

3.4.2.5 Equipment benchmarking, selection, and purchase
All subjects need to register with the survey and would ideally, complete an online life
style questionnaire before selection (see discussion earlier). However, in order not to
exclude any potential volunteers, an additional set of PCs and paper copies of ques-
tionnaires would need to be made available at each data collection center.
To maximize national benefit, it may be necessary to supplement 3-D body scan-
ners with head or foot scanners and include a height gauge and a body composition
monitor to automatically record subject height and weight. Depending on the objec-
tives of the study and the 3-D scanner selected, it may also be necessary to include
traditional anthropometric equipment, underwear/scan wear, head covers, and mate-
rials for the hygienic maintenance of equipment.
It is advisable to benchmark all equipment to be used during the survey. This
includes scanners, height, weight, and any other manual measuring equipment (see
8559-1 2017). Types of technology used to capture the 3-D surface shape of the body
include lasers; projected light; and, latterly, millimetric radio waves and smart phone
capture (Ballester et al., 2017) (although the latter maybe useful for size prediction, its
suitability for accurate anthropometric clothing-specific studies is not yet clear). Each
has its advantages (resolution, cost, automatic measurement extraction, etc.), but new,
extended, or enhanced systems are being offered (e.g., 3dMD System-4D). Guidance
is also available via conference publications (e.g., Hometrica Consulting, 2018) and in
some ISO standards (e.g., ISO 20685 Parts 1 and 2). It is, however, advisable to con-
duct a benchmarking exercise—especially if it is planned to
l scan subjects with differing heights, sizes, skin shades, and ages;