Page 299 - Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

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types of hazards) must be observed. Warning or high-visibility protective clothing
(fluorescent or reflecting) is also widely used (ISO 13688:2013, 2013).
Individual protective equipment may be divided into categories as follows:

l Working clothing—overalls, bib-and-brace overalls, trousers, jackets, rain jackets,
coats, suits.
l Head protection—protective helmets for skull protection, hats, hoods, nets for hair and head
protectors.
l Face and eye protection—glasses, goggles, protective screens, facemasks, welding shields.
l Hearing protection—headphones, earplugs, acoustic helmets.
l Respiratory and digestive system protection—respiratory-type devices, masks with appro-
priate dust and/or gas filters, devices with air supply.
l Arm and hand protection—protective gloves against mechanical effects, chemical impacts,
ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination, against cold and heat, wrist protectors for
physically hard work, dielectric gloves.
l Leg and foot protection—protective shoes, footwear with additional protection for finger-
tips, footwear and overboots with heat-resistant soles, vibration-damping footwear,
electric-insulation shoes, protective boots for working with chainsaws, knee supporters, etc.
For protection of the abdomen and other parts of the body—protective guards, jackets,
l
aprons against moving parts of machinery, aprons for protection against chemicals, X-ray
radiation, life jackets, protective equipment for working with knives, belts, etc.
l For protection against falls—safety systems and equipment against falls from altitude, such
as devices for holding the body, antidrop systems, safety belts, ropes, coupling hooks.
l Protective clothing for all-body protection—different types of clothing for protection
against mechanical injuries, chemicals, melted metals, infrared and electromagnetic radia-
tion, dust, gases, heat, and protective clothing for working with chainsaws, fluorescent or
reflecting protective clothing or accessories (road repairs, rescue services).
l For skin protection—protective creams, protective ointments (Амирова and Сакулина,
1985; Wang and Gao, 2014; Song et al., 2016; Chapman, 2012; Gers ˇak, 2013; McCann
and Bryson, 2009a; Song, 2011a; Mattila, 2006).
Parts of protective garments and PPE products are worn or applicable as different sets
and as layering, depending on the tasks or objectives of the PPE, as well as the con-
ditions of wearing, i.e., the season and weather conditions. Moreover, if the over-
clothes and the various protective equipment directly protects the body of the
wearer, then a suitable layer of underwear will be relatively crucial for the comfort
of the wearer, protecting the human body from cooling or overheating and facilitating
the removal of moisture from the surface of the skin.

11.2.2 Necessity of well-fitted PPE
Clothing as a constituent of a personal protective equipment (PPE) system must com-
ply with numerous and sometimes even incompatible or difficult-to-combine safety,
comfort, performance, and other conditions. Taking into consideration these aspects,
key design factors can be outlined: protection, comfort, mobility, connectivity, and
ease of use (McCann and Bryson, 2009a). In modern PPE, the look and the overall
appearance are also important—protective clothing must be provided not just with
PPE quality, but with a fashionable look and aesthetics as well (Podgo ´rski, 2017).