Page 17 - Applied Statistics Using SPSS, STATISTICA, MATLAB and R

xx Symbols and Abbreviations

]a, b[ open interval between a and b (excluding a and b)
∑ n = i 1 sum for index i = 1,…, n
n
∏ product for index i = 1,…, n
= i 1
∫ a b integral from a to b

k! factorial of k, k! = k(k−1)(k−2)...2.1
( ) combinations of n elements taken k at a time
n
k
| x | absolute value of x
 x largest integer smaller or equal to x

g X(a) function g of variable X evaluated at a
dg derivative of
dX function g with respect to X
d n g
derivative of order n of g evaluated at a
dX n
a
ln(x) natural logarithm of x
log(x) logarithm of x in base 10

sgn(x) sign of x
mod(x,y) remainder of the integer division of x by y

Vectors and Matrices
x vector (column vector), multidimensional random vector
x' transpose vector (row vector)

[x 1 x 2…x n] row vector whose components are x 1, x 2,…,x n
x i i-th component of vector x

x k,i i-th component of vector x k
∆x vector x increment
x'y inner (dot) product of x and y

A matrix
a ij i-th row, j-th column element of matrix A
A' transpose of matrix A
A −1 inverse of matrix A