Page 115 - Artificial Intelligence for the Internet of Everything

CHAPTER 6

Trust and Human-Machine

Teaming: A Qualitative Study

†
Joseph B. Lyons*, Kevin T. Wynne , Sean Mahoney*, Mark A. Roebke ‡
*
Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, OH, United States
†
University of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
‡
Air Force Institute of Technology, Dayton, OH, United States
6.1 BACKGROUND

Humans are surrounded by advanced technology on a regular basis. Tech-
nology is often a ubiquitous aspect of our daily routines, and for some, inter-
actions with technology may overshadow interpersonal interactions. Due to
the Internet of Things (IoT), technologies will be connected in a ubiquitous
fashion enabling new interactions and novel forms of technology depen-
dence. As the boundaries blur between the frequencies of human versus
technology interactions, researchers have begun to examine the topic of
human-machine teaming (Chen & Barnes, 2014; Groom & Nass, 2007).
Whether one is working side-by-side in a factory with a collaborative robot
(i.e., a co-bot), driving alongside an autonomous car or taxi, walking past a
Knightscope robot patrolling a parking lot, working with a bomb-disposal
robot in a military scenario, or trekking with a ground quadruped robot in
the austere mountains of Afghanistan, humans are increasingly likely to
interact with robotic systems. While in most of these extant interactions
humans would likely characterize the robot as a “tool” versus a “teammate,”
teaming perceptions are increasingly warranted as technology advances in
both capability and interactive capacity (Ososky, Schuster, Phillips, &
Jentsch, 2013), notably driven by the omnipresent connectivity afforded
by the IoT. Teaming with robots (versus teleoperation) is one of the emerg-
ing research domains within the military and society more broadly. The pre-
sent chapter discusses the concepts of trust and teaming perceptions of
advanced, yet contemporary, technology and this chapter is based, in part,
on a proceedings paper from the 2018 AAAI Spring Symposium.

Artificial Intelligence for the Internet of Everything Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817636-8.00006-5 All rights reserved. 101