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intermediaries are replaced in the energy sector, a schedule and forecast still
need to be submitted to the transmission system operator for the electricity
infrastructure to be reliable. Another challenge is incorporating individual
blockchain consumers into a balancing group and having them comply with
market reliability and requirements as well as submit accurate demand fore-
casts to the network operator. Managing a balancing group is not a trivial
task and this approach could potentially increase the costs of managing
the blockchain. To avoid costly disruptions, blockchain autonomous data
exchanges, such as demand forecasts from the consumer to the network
operator, will need to be stress tested for security and reliability before being
deployed at scale. In considering all of these innovative applications, as well
as the many associated challenges, future research is needed to develop, val-
idate, and verify AI blockchain enabled DAEOs.

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