Page 236 - Basic English Usage

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To say that we are using our noses to find something out. Progressive
tenses can be used.
‘What are you doing?’ ‘I’m smelling my shirt to see if | can wear it for
another day.’

311 so and not with hope, believe etc

We use so after several verbs instead of repeating a thaf-clause.
‘Do you think we ll have good weather?’ ‘| hope so.’
( = ‘hope that we'll have good weather.)
The most common expressions like this are: hope so, expect so, believe
so, imagine so, suppose so, guess so, reckon so, think so, be afraid so.
‘Is that Alex?’ ‘I think so.’
‘Did you lose?’ ‘I’m afraid so.’
We do not use so before a that-clause.
| hope that we'll have good weather.
(NOT +hope se; that we thave-good- weather)

We can make these expressions negative in two ways.
a. | subject + verb + not
‘Will it rain?’ ‘I hope not.’
‘You won't be here tomorrow, will you.’ ‘l suppose not.’
‘Did you win?’ ‘Vm afraid not.’

b. | subject + do not + verb + so |

‘You won't be here tomorrow.’ ‘I don’t suppose so.’
‘ts he ready?’ ‘I don’t think so.’
‘Will it rain?’ ‘I don’t expect so.’
Hope and be afraid are always used in the first structure.
(We don't say | don’t hope so or I'm not afraid so.)
Think is usually used in the second structure.
(We don't often say / think not.)

312 so aml, so doletc

We can use so to mean also, in a special structure with
auxiliary verb + subject }.

| So + auxiliary verb + subject |

Louise can dance beautifully, and so can her sister.
‘I’ve lost the address.’ ‘So have |.’