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Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. London: Routledge. Wallerstein, I. (1991). Geopolitics and geoculture: Essays on the changing
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Comaroff, J. L., & Comaroff, J. (1991–1997). Of revelation and revolu-
tion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Comaroff, J. L., & Comaroff, J. (1992). Ethnography and the historical
imagination. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Curtin, P. D. (1984). Cross-cultural trade in world history. Cambridge, Cyrus the Great
UK: Cambridge University Press.
Darnton, R. (1984). The great cat massacre and other episodes in French
(c. 550–530 bce)
cultural history. New York: Random House.
Davis, N. Z. (1995). Women on the margins: Three seventeenth-century King of Persia
lives. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Foucault, M. (1971). The order of things:An archaeology of the human sci- yrus the Great belonged to the Pasargadae tribe
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Fox, R. G., & King, B. J. (Eds.). (2002). Anthropology beyond culture. Cwho immigrated to the Iranian Plateau during the
Oxford, UK: Berg. first millennium BCE and settled in the area known as
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. New York: Basic Books.
Ginzburg, C. (1989). Clues, myths and the historical method (J. & A. C. “Persis” or Persia, which is the southwestern portion of
Tedeschi,Trans.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. the Iranian Plateau along the Persian Gulf. During the
Hegel, G.W. F. (1975). Lectures on the philosophy of world history (H. B. sixth century BCE the Persians took control of the areas
Nisbet,Trans.). New York: Cambridge University Press. (Original work
of Anshan and Susa (in modern Iran) and installed Per-
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Hunt, L. (Ed.). (1989). The new cultural history. Berkeley and Los Ange- sians as local rulers. Cyrus himself claimed that he was
les: University of California Press.
Huntington, S. (1996). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of king of Anshan (he became king in 559–558 BCE) and
world order. New York: Simon & Schuster. that his forefathers were kings of the same area that is
Kroeber, A., & Kluckhohn, C. (1963). Culture: A critical review of con- now identified with Marv Dasht. Three legends are
cepts and definitions. New York: Vintage Books.
attached to Cyrus and his upbringing. The first states
Landes, D. (1998). The wealth and poverty of nations:Why some are so
rich and some are so poor. New York: W.W. Norton. (from the ancient Greek historian Herodotus) that he was
Manning, P. (1996).The problem of interactions in world history. Amer- the son of Cambyses, son of Cyrus I. His mother was
ican Historical Review, 101, 771–782.
Marx, K., & Engles, F. (1985). The Communist manifesto (S. Moore, Princess Mandane, who was the daughter of Astyages,
Trans.). London: Penguin Books. (Original work published 1848) the last king of the Medes, an Iranian people. Because
McNeill,W. H. (1963). The rise of the west: A history of the human com- Astyages had been warned by omens that the boy would
munity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
McNeill, W. H. (1982). The pursuit of power: Technology, armed forces, take his throne some day, he decided to have the boy
and society since A.D. 1000. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. killed. Cyrus had been given to Harpagus, a Mede, to kill,
Rosaldo, R. (1989). Culture and truth: The remaking of truth in social
but Harpagus was not able and gave Cyrus to a shep-
analysis. New York: Beacon Press.
Said, E. (1993). Culture and imperialism. New York: Alfred Knopf. herd, who raised Cyrus as his own son. According to
Snooks, G. D. (1996). The dynamic society: Exploring the sources of global Herodotus, Cyrus displayed the genius of leadership in
change. London: Routledge.
Spengler, O. (1926–1928). The decline of the west. New York: Alfred his youth that is ultimately derived from native Persian
Knopf. legends. Finally Cyrus’s true identity was discovered,
Stavrianos, L. S. (1989). Lifelines from our past. New York: M. E. Sharpe. and he was sent to Persia, where he was able to unify the
Stearns, P. N. (2001). Cultures in motion: Mapping key contacts and their
imprints in world history. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Persian tribes and create a kingdom for himself.
Toynbee, A. J. (1934–1954). A study of history. London: Oxford Uni- The second legend states that Cyrus was left in the for-
versity Press.
est and that a female dog suckled him and protected him
Wallerstein, I. (1974–1989). The modern world system. New York: Aca-
demic Press. from wild beasts.This legend clearly demonstrates Indo-