Page 60 - Encyclopedia Of World History Vol III

gum arabic 879

Regulations of the Weavers’ Guild in Stendal, Germany (1233)

The Consuls of Stendal... wish it to be known that 5. Should any foreigner wish to practice this craft he
we have taken the advice of our leading citizens and will first acquire citizenship and will afterwards
officials, and have passed the following decree: enter into fraternity with the brethren with twenty-
three solidi.
1. If any of our burgesses should wish to practice
the craft of weaving he ought to have one spindle or 6. But if the heir of any craftsman cease to exercise his
as many as two, and he should place them in his father’s craft, he will pay three solidi on entrance.
house, and for every spindle he should pay three
7. Also we decree that every brother will dry his
solidi on entry into the fraternity. But if he should
cloth where he can.
not pay the denarii within the said time and he after-
wards cease to be of the craft he cannot regain it 8. We concede also that if any one have this craft
except with twenty-three solidi. and cannot set up his implements by any chance, let
him prepare and make his cloth on the spindle of
2. Whoever is not of the fraternity is altogether for-
another.
bidden to make cloth.
9. If any one should marry a widow whose husband
3. But if any brother should make cloth against the
was of the craft, he will enter the fraternity with
institutions of the brethren, and of their decrees,
three solidi.
which he ought on the advice of the consuls to
observe, he will present to the consuls by way of 10. And every one who would be of this craft will
emendation one talent for each offense or he will receive it in the presence of the consuls.
lose his craft for a year.
11. Whatever is collected in fines and received in
4. But if any one be caught with false cloth, his cloth entrance fees will be put to the use of the city, and
will be burned publicly, and verily, the author of the be presented to the consuls....
crime will amend according to justice. Source: Keutgen, F. (Ed.). (1901). Urkunden zur Städtischen Verfassungsgeschichte (p.
357). Berlin, Germany: Emil Felber.

MacKenney, R. (1987). Tradesmen and traders:The world of the guilds in
With the appearance of the eighteenth-century doc- Venice and Europe, c.1250–c.1650. London: Croom Helm.
Martin Saint-Leon, E. (1922). Histoire des corporations de métiers [His-
trines of the Enlightenment and English liberalism, and tory of the Guilds]. Paris: Alcan.
with growing economic deregulation, guilds were seen as Pini, A. I. (1986). Città, comuni e corporazioni nel Medioevo italiano
[Towns and Guilds in the Italian Middle Ages]. Bologna, Italy: Clueb.
an obstacle to progress.The guild system was abolished
Wischnitzer, M. (1965). A history of Jewish crafts and guilds. New York:
for the first time in Europe in 1770 by Leopold II of Tus- David.
cany, then in 1791 by the French National Assembly
and, finally, during the Napoleonic era, at the end of the
eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth cen-
turies, almost all over Europe and the world. Gum Arabic

Michele Simonetto
um arabic is one of the oldest and the most versa-
See also Labor Union Movements Gtile of the Afro-Eurasian regional trade goods. A
tasteless, viscous, light-colored, saplike product of several
Further Reading varieties of acacia trees that grow along the edges of the
Baer, F. (1970). Guilds in Middle Eastern history. In M. A. Cook (Ed.), Saharan and Arabian Deserts, gum arabic exudes natu-
Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East (pp. 34–98). Lon- rally when the acacia bark splits under the force of des-
don: Oxford University Press.
Kramer, S. (1905). The English craft guilds and the government. New iccating desert winds. Harvesters can also artificially
York: Columbia University Press. induce the exudation by making knife cuts in the bark.