Page 14 - Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis And Torrefaction Practical Design and Theory

Contents xiii

10.7 Cofiring with Torrefied Wood 367
10.7.1 Effect of Cofiring on Plant Output 368
10.7.2 Feed Preparation 368
10.7.3 Effect of Torrefaction Parameters on Grinding 369
10.7.4 Explosion and Fire 370

11. Production of Synthetic Fuels and Chemicals
from Biomass 375
11.1 Introduction 375
11.2 Syngas 376
11.2.1 What Is Syngas? 376
11.2.2 Applications of Syngas 376
11.2.3 Production of Syngas 377
11.2.4 Gasification for Syngas Production 378
11.2.5 Cleaning and Conditioning of Syngas 378
11.3 Bio-Oil production 380
11.3.1 What Is Bio-Oil? 380
11.3.2 Physical Properties of Bio-Oil 382
11.3.3 Applications of Bio-Oil 382
11.3.4 Production of Bio-Oil 384
11.4 Conversion of Syngas into Chemicals 385
11.4.1 Methanol Production 385
11.4.2 Fischer Tropsch Synthesis 387
11.4.3 Ammonia Synthesis 394
11.4.4 Glycerol Synthesis 395
11.5 Transport Fuels from Biomass 396
11.5.1 Biochemical Ethanol Production 396
11.5.2 Gasoline 398
11.5.3 Diesel 399
11.5.4 Transport Fuel Production from
Nonfood Biomass 400

12. Biomass Handling 405

12.1 Introduction 405
12.2 Design of a Biomass Energy System 405
12.3 Biomass-Handling System 407
12.3.1 Receiving 407
12.3.2 Storage 409
12.3.3 Conveying 421
12.3.4 Feed Preparation 422
12.3.5 Feeding 426
12.4 Biomass Feeders 426
12.4.1 Feeding Systems for Harvested Fuel 426
12.4.2 Feeding Systems for Nonharvested Fuels 426
12.4.3 Feeder Types 428
12.4.4 Fuel Feed into the Reactor 433