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Polycondensation Polymers 145
Epoxy resin: Polymer produced by the condensation of epichlorohydrine and a dihydric alco-
hol or by the epoxidation of an unsaturated molecule.
Ester interchange: Reaction between an ester of a volatile alcohol and a less volatile alcohol
in which the lower boiling alcohol is removed by distillation.
Filament: Extrudate when a polymer melts or when a solution is forced through a hole in a
spinneret.
Functionality: Number of active functional groups present in a molecule.
Functionality factor: Average number of functional groups present per reactive molecule in a
mixture of reactants.
Furan resin: Resin produced from furfuryl alcohol or furfural.
Gel point: Point at which cross-linking begins to produce polymer insolubility.
Glyptals: Polyesters, usually cross-linked by heating.
Incipient gelation: Point where the DP reaches infi nity.
Interfacial polymerization: One in which the polymerization reaction occurs at the interface
of two immiscible liquids.
Kodel: Trade name for a PET fi ber.
Ladder polymer: Double-chained temperature-resistant polymer.
Laminate: Layers of sheets or paper or wood or other material adhered by resins and pressed
together like plywood.
Long oil alkyd: One obtained in the presence of 65%–80% of unsaturated oil.
Medium oil alkyd: Alkyd obtained in the presence of 50%–65% of unsaturated oil.
Melamine-formaldehyde resin: Resin produced by the condensation of melamine and
formaldehyde.
Microfibers: Small diameter fi bers.
Molding compound: Name given to describe a mixture of a resin and essential additives.
Nonoil alkyd: An oil-free alkyd containing no unsaturated oils.
Novolac: Polymers prepared by the condensation of phenol and formaldehyde under acidic
conditions.
Nylon: Synthetic polyamide.
Oil length: Term used to indicate the relative percentage of unsaturated oils used in the pro-
duction of alkyds.
Phenoxy resin: Polymer with hydroxyl pendant groups resembling an epoxy resin without
epoxy groups.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET): Linear polyester used to produce fibers and for blow-mold-
ing preparation of soft drink bottles; produced from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
Prepolymer: Low molecular weight material (oligomer) capable of further polymerization.
Resite: Cross-linked resole.
Resole: Linear polymer prepared by condensation of phenol and formaldehyde under alkaline
conditions.
Schotten–Baumann reaction: Traditionally the reaction between an acid chloride and a Lewis
base.
Short oil alkyd: An alkyd obtained in the presence of 30%–-50% of unsaturated oil.
Step-reaction polymerization: Polymerization in which polyfunctional reactants react to pro-
duce larger units in a continuous stepwise manner.
Thiokol: Trade name for a polysulfi de elastomer.
Unsaturated polyester: Term used to describe alkyds with unsaturated chains, particularly
those produced by the condensation of maleic anhydride and ethylene glycol.
Urea-formaldehyde resin: Resin produced by condensation of urea and formaldehyde.
Wasted loops: Formation of cyclic compounds instead of polymer chains.
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