Page 726 - Carrahers_Polymer_Chemistry,_Eighth_Edition

Solutions 689

(w) CH 3 H C O
3
H C + H C OH + CO + O 2
3
2
C O
H 2 CH 3
Propylene Methanol Methyl methacrylate
3. (a) silanes, (b) styrene, (c) ε-caprolactam, (d) adipic acid or sebacic acid, (e) pentaerythritol.
4. Catalysts perform at least two important functions. These functions are speed and directing the
synthesis to give the desired product rather than a broad range of products.
5. Vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, ethylene.

6. This allows needed flexibility. The need for certain monomers changes so that the particular
monomer stream can be varied as to need. Also, there are only a limited number of basic feed-
stocks that are available in large quantities, inexpensive, and where we have the ready knowl-
edge and equipment to perform the needed syntheses.
7. Propylene.
8. Petrochemicals serve as the feedstocks for most monomer synthesis. It is natural for a company
that produces the basic feedstock to also produce the derived monomers.
9. Peroxides are employed as initiators because they decompose when heated to temperatures that
are near to those employed in their synthesis. Further, the decomposition reaction is highly exo-
thermic and can cause explosions to occur.
10. Petroleum serves as not only a fuel, but in the long term more importantly, they serve as many
of the basic materials for the synthesis of polymers, drugs, and so on.
11. Glycerol, adipic acid, butadiene, and so on.

CHAPTER 18
1. They both are important and dependent on each other.
2. Cotton, wool, silk, hemp, jute, and so on.
3. Rayon, and so on.
4. It is soluble in less-expensive solvents such as acetone.
5. They are both regenerated cellulose.
6. Polyester, nylon, acrylic fiber, polyurethane, polyolefi ns.

7. (a) butyl rubber, (b) polybutadiene, (c) SBR, neoprene, (d) silicone, polyurethane elastomer,
Thiokol.
8. By air blowing an extruded tube.
9. For prevention of environmental pollution.
10. Over-the-counter.
11. Lots of testing from preliminary cell inhibition, to animal, and finally to human testing if it is

found to offer distinct advantages over what is currently available and if it is safe.
12. Delay the blowing step until a viscous, strong, high molecular weight polymer is present.
13. (b).
14. Because of the availability of large surface areas.
15. Fibrous glass-reinforced polyester resin in the Corvette.

16. It has a high specific modulus and low coefficient of expansion.
17. Most molded thermosets are molded by high-cost compression molding.

18. (b) and (d) offer whole chain resonance so may benefit from doping.

19. They have high specific strength, and once an intricate design has been incorporated in the die,
the intricate design, such as that resembling hard wood carving, is reproduced at low cost.
20. Low cost, light weight, recyclable, nontoxic, and less hazardous than glass.

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K10478.indb 689 9/14/2010 3:44:23 PM