Page 91 - Communication Processes Volume 3 Communication Culture and Confrontation

66 Vibodh Parthasarathi

In the quest for coherently realizing the elusive ‘alternative’, the
plethora of communication processes and cultural practices are an
experience to be acted upon—both, critically and constructively, as in
practice in theory.

Notes

1. For ‘symbolic content’, see Thompson (1995: 23–24); for ‘mass medium’,
see Corner (1995: 14–15).
2. For contrasting approaches to the use of video, see Sarkar and Agarwal
(1997), and White and Patel (1994).
3. Ekecrantz (1986) adds that technology is ‘politics’, that is, a power struc-
ture and a bureaucracy system as well. For me, this is an extension of the
aforementioned three.
4. For observations on the inter-relationship between political control and
knowledge systems concerning the telegraph in the same period, see
Choudhury (2005).
5. Kothari (1984) is one of the earliest writers on such a political process. Sub-
sequently, a variety of scholars, commenting on different regions, have com-
mented upon such ‘new’ politics from varying theoretical perspectives. For
a conceptual framework on contemporary social movements, see Fuentes
and Frank (1989). For an overview of social movements in the South, see
Wignaraja (1993). Specifically on the Indian scenario, see Omvedt (1994).
6. For critical self-reflections by a theatre activist, see Deshpande (1997).

References

Arrighi, G., T. Hopkins and I. Wallerstein (eds). 1989. Antisystemic Move-
ments. London: Verso.
Babb, L. and S. Wadley (eds). 1997. Media and the Transformation of Religion
in South Asia. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas.
Basu, T., P. Datta, S. Sarkar, T. Sarkar and S. Sen. 1993. Khaki Shorts and
Saffron Flags. New Delhi: Orient Longman.
Butalia, U. 1993. ‘Women and Alternative Media’, in P. Lewis (ed.), Alternative
Media: Linking Global and Local, Reports and Papers on Mass Commu-
nication, pp. 51–60. Paris: UNESCO.
Choudhury, Deep Kanta Lahiri. 2005. ‘“Beyond the Reach of Monkeys and
Men”? O’Shaughnessy and the Telegraph in India, c.1836–1856’, in Bernard
Bel, Jan Brouwer, Biswajit Das, Vibodh Parthasarathi and Guy Poitevin