Page 282 - Communication Theory and Research

McQuail(EJC)-3281-19.qxd 8/16/2005 12:02 PM Page 267

Gendering the Internet: Claims, Controversies and Cultures 267

this trend extends to a multiple presence of PCs and Internet access, making
Internet use in everyday life much more individual than we found in the
current interviews. Such individualization may yet again change the articula-
tions of gender and Internet and disconnect them from the interaction between
partners.

Notes

1. I have also discussed these claims in van Zoonen (2001a).
2. The author himself went to some trouble to find more women in Internet history but could
not find them. Email exchange, 1999; and see www.briefhistory.com
3. This procedure has been applied successfully in other work on the use of ICTs, e.g.
van Zoonen (2001b), van Zoonen and Aalberts (forthcoming).

References

Balka, E. (1997) Computer Networking: Spinsters on the Web. Resources for Research and Action.
Ottawa: CRIAW/ICREF.
Braidotti, R. (1996) ‘Cyberfeminism with a Difference’; available at: www.let.uu.nl/women’s_
studies/rosi/cyberfem.htm (consulted 23 May 2001).
Cockburn, C. and S. Ormrod (1993) Gender and Technology in the Making. London: Sage.
Du Gay, P., S. Hall, L. Janes, H. Mackay and K. Negus (1997) Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of
the Sony Walkman. London: Sage.
Fischer, C. (1992) America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Freeman, E. (1996) ‘Ada and the Analytical Engine’, Educom Review. March/April.
Gray, A. (1992) Video Playtime. The Gendering of a Leisure Technology. London: Routledge.
Haraway, D. (1997) Modest_Witness@Second_Millennium. Female Man Meets Onco Mouse. London:
Routledge.
Jenkins, H. (1999) ‘Voices From the Combat Zone: Game Grrlz Talk Back’, pp. 328–41 in
J. Cassels and H. Jenkins (eds), From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and Computer Games.
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Ladendorf, M. (2000) ‘Pin-Ups and Grrls. The Pictures of Grrlzines’, paper presented at the
Crossroads in Cultural Studies Conference, Birmingham.
Martin, M. (1988) ‘ “Rulers of the Wires”? Women’s Contribution to the Structure of
Communication’, Journal of Communication Inquiry 12(2): 89–103.
Martin, M. (1991) Hello Central: Gender, Technology and Culture in the Formation of the Telephone
System. Montreal: McGill/Queen’s University Press.
Marvin, C. (1988) When Old Technologies Were New. New York: Oxford University Press.
Moores, S. (1988) ‘The Box on the Dresser: Memoirs of Early Radio and Everyday Life’, Media,
Culture & Society 10(1): 23–40.
Naughton, J. (1999) A Brief History of the Future: The Origins of the Internet. London: Weidenfeld
and Nicolson.
Nua (1998) ‘It’s an Image Thing’, Nua Internet Surveys; available at: www.nua.ie/surveys/?f=
VS&art_id=886595295&rel=true (consulted 28 April 2000).
Oldenziel, R. (1999) Making Technology Masculine. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Parker, E. (2000) http://www.projectgamma.com/news/archive/2000/january/0110100-
1539.shtml
Plant, S. (1998) Zeros and Ones: Digital Women and the New Technoculture. London: Fourth Estate.
Postmes, T. (2000) ‘Social Psychological Approaches to ICT’; available at: www.infodrome.nl