Page 167 - Comparing Political Communication Theories, Cases, and Challenge

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Global Political Communication

Variable Definition and Source
Human Development Indicators
Human Development The Human Development Index (1998) is based on longevity,
as measured by life expectancy at birth; educational
achievement; and standard of living, as measured by per
capita GDP (PPP U.S. $) (UNDP Human Development
Report 2000).
PerCapita GDP Measured in U.S. $ in Purchasing Power Parity, 1998 (UNDP
Human Development Report 2000).
Economic Equality The Gini Index measures the extent to which the distribution
of income within an economy deviates from a perfectly
equal distribution. The index has been reversed so that the
number one represents perfect equality (World
Development Indicators 2001 World Bank).
LowerInfant Mortality The number of infants dying before the age of one year, per
1,000 live births, 1999. The indicator has been reversed so
that a higher figure represents lower infant mortality (World
Development Indicators 2001 World Bank).
Public Health Public health expenditure consists of recurrent and capital
Expenditure spending from government budgets, external borrowings,
and grants as a percentage of GDP, 1997–9 (World
Development Indicators 2001 World Bank).
Life Expectancy Life expectancy at birth (years) 1995–2000 (UNDP Human
Development Report 2000).
Adult Literacy Rate Literacy as a percentage of adults (15 and above) 1998 (UNDP
Human Development Report 2000).
% Secondary Education Secondary age group enrollment as a percentage of the
relevant age group, 1997 (UNDP Human Development
Report 2000).
Governance Indicators
Political Stability An aggregated measure of political stability and violence based
on expert assessments (Kaufman, Kraay, and
Zoido-Lobaton, 1999).
Rule of Law An aggregated measure of rule of law based on expert
assessments (Kaufman, Kraay, and Zoido-Lobaton 1999).
Government Efficiency An aggregated measure of government efficiency based on
expert assessments (Kaufman, Kraay, and Zoido-Lobaton
1999).
Corruption An aggregated measure of corruption based on expert
assessments (Kaufman, Kraay, and Zoido-Lobaton 1999).

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