Page 289 - Comparing Political Communication Theories, Cases, and Challenge

P1: JZL/KDD/KAB P2: JZZ
0521828317c11.xml CY425/Esser 0521828317 June 8, 2004 22:9

Political News Journalists

to a modest level. Journalists are accustomed to working with pen and
paper and thus suitable subjects for a mail survey.
Throughout the study, we benefited from the built-in stimulation that
comparative research provides. When cross-national variation is found,
the analyst’s curiosity is immediately triggered. Why the differences?
Many of the questions in our survey provoked from us this type of re-
sponse. The pattern we found was either different from what we had
expected or the variation was substantially greater or less than we had
expected. In every case, the finding launched us on a search for explana-
tion, which, after all, is what inspires all of us in the research community
to do what we do.

REFERENCES
Baumert, Dieter Paul. 1928. Die Entstehung des Deutschen Journalismus. Munich: Verlag
von Duncker.
Curtice, John. 1997. Is the Sun Still Shining on Tony Blair? The Electoral Influence of
British Newspapers. Press/Politics 2 (2): 9–26.
Cohen, Bernard. 1963. The Press and Foreign Policy. Princeton: Princeton University
Press.
Donsbach, Wolfgang. 1983. Journalists’ Conception of Their Roles. Gazette 32: 19–36.
Donsbach, Wolfgang. 1999a. Sieg der Illusion. Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt in der
Wirklichkeit und in den Medien. In Elisabeth Noelle-Neuman, Hans Mathias
Kepplinger, and Wolfgang Donsbach, eds. Kampa. Freiburg, Germany: Alber, pp. 40–
77.
Donsbach,Wolfgang.1999b.JournalismResearch.InHans-BerndBrosius,andChristina
Holtz-Bacha eds. German Communication Yearbook. Cresskill, NJ: Hamilton Press,
159–80.
Engelsing, Rolf. 1966. Massenpublikum und Journalistentum im 19. Jahrhundert in Nord-
westdeutschland. Berlin: Duncker u. Humblot.
Esser, Frank. 1998. Editorial Structures and Work Principles in British and German
Newsrooms. European Journal of Communication 13: 375–405.
Fjaestad, Bjorn, and P. G. Holmlov. 1977. Dagspressen och Samhallet. Stockholm:
PAN/Norstedt.
Gans, Herbert. 1979. Deciding What’sNews. New York: Vintage.
Janowitz, Morris. 1975. Professional Models in Journalism. The Gatekeeper and the
Advocate. Journalism Quarterly 52: 618–26, 662.
Johnstone, John W. C., Edward J. Slawski, and William W. Bowman. 1976. The News
People: A Sociological Portrait of American Journalists and Their Work. Urbana: Uni-
versity of Illinois Press.
Kepplinger, Hans Mathias, with Hans-Bernd Brosius, and Joachim Friedrich Staab. 1991.
Instrumental Actualization: A Theory of Mediated Conflicts. European Journal of
Communication 6: 263–90.
Kepplinger, Hans Mathias. 1992. Put In The Public Spotlight – Instrumental Actualiza-
tion of Actors, Events and Aspects in the Coverage on Nicaragua. In Stanley Rothman,

269