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ContCultural Theory Text Pages  4/4/03  1:42 PM  Page vii
















                                             Contents











                     Acknowledgements                                         vi

                     1  Cultural studies and cultural theory                   1
                        Defining culture                                       2
                        Defining cultural studies                              5
                        Cultural studies and cultural theory                  10
                        Culture and society: anti-utilitarianism and modernity  12
                        Utilitarianism and its others                         15
                     2  Literature and society: from culturalism to cultural
                        materialism                                           21
                        German culturalism: hermeneutics and historicism      22
                        British culturalism: from Arnold to Leavis            25
                        The New Left: Thompson, Hoggart and Williams          32
                        Cultural materialism                                  35
                        New historicism                                       43
                        Cultural studies: from Hoggart to Hall                48
                     3  Critical theory: from ideology critique to the sociology
                        of culture                                            57
                        Marx, Weber and Freud                                 58
                        Lukács, Gramsci and the origins of western Marxism    67
                        The Frankfurt School                                  70
                        Habermas: from critical theory to the sociology of
                          culture                                             77
                        Zizek: critical theory goes Lacanian                  82
                        Bourdieu: from the sociology of culture to critical theory 86



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