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                                                Reorganization and Restructuring 101
                 company; 80–90 per cent of the people being dismissed did not
                 have any qualifications. An estimated 15 per cent were non-
                 Dutch.
                   The departments that did remain in The Netherlands were
                 customer relations, finance and control, marketing departments
                 and management (about 55 people). The aim of the firm was to
                 reorganize the distribution in such a way that the customers
                 would not notice any change or disruption.
                 Reasons and risks
                 The Dutch division of the company had produced good results
                 over the past years. It was not a question of bringing the opera-
                 tion into profitability but more an issue of logistics profitability at
                 a European level. In a stagnating European context, big groups
                 have to restructure to maintain and improve their competitive-
                 ness. The distribution centre had to be moved to Germany
                 because the Dutch plant was not large enough to absorb the
                 German activity; the German site was chosen to absorb the
                 Dutch activities.
                   Within the company there had been a long-term market
                 decline for The Netherlands operation. Many players were
                 picking up in the market in 2005. In The Netherlands the firm
                 and its brand were losing market share because the brand
                 seemed to be a little old-fashioned for Dutch consumers. To
                 make the brand more appealing, there had to be investment in
                 the internet and a drive to improve awareness and attractiveness.
                   The reorganization happened in parallel with another devel-
                 opment within the firm, namely the closing of several shops in
                 The Netherlands. Eventually the plan was to keep only seven to
                 eight shops – out of 23 in total – in the large cities in The
                 Netherlands. The reason for closing the other shops was the
                 fierce competition and rising costs. Shop density is much higher
                 in The Netherlands than in the surrounding countries, leading to
                 scarcity and rising rents, especially in the most preferred loca-
                 tions. In 2005 the company had experienced varying fortunes
                 with its shops, in particular some of them encountered very diffi-
                 cult trading. In December 2005, franchisees had been informed
                 about these developments and were offered the chance to termi-
                 nate their contracts.
                   Another market development was that many other companies
                 were reorganizing their activities in 2006. Beiersdorf in The
                 Netherlands dismissed 170 out of 240 employees. At NedCar
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