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114 Chapter Three

Theodor Adorno, with Introduction by Stephen Crook (1994; reprint, New York:
Routledge, 2007), 33.
18. Grossberg, “Cultural Studies vs. Political Economy,” 74.
19. Garnham, “Political Economy and Cultural Studies,” 66; emphasis added.
20. Grossberg, “Cultural Studies vs. Political Economy,” 73.
21. Garnham, “Political Economy and Cultural Studies,” 66.
22. Garnham, “Political Economy and Cultural Studies,” 67.
23. Garnham, “Political Economy and Cultural Studies,” 67.
24. Stuart Hall, “On Postmodernism and Articulation: An Interview with Stuart
Hall” (1986; in Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies, ed. David Morley
and Kuan-Hsing Chen. London: Routledge, 1996), 141. See also, Tim O’Sullivan,
John Hartley, Danny Saunders, Martin Montgomery and John Fiske, Key Concepts in
Communication and Cultural Studies, 2nd edition (London: Routledge, 1994), 17–18.
25. According to Grossberg, “[Cultural studies never] bought into political econ-
omy as a model of cultural explanation. . . . Its founding figures, especially Hoggart
and Williams, quite intentionally distanced themselves from any attempt to explain
culture in purely economic terms.” Grossberg, “Cultural Studies vs. Political Econ-
omy,” 76; emphasis added.
26. Murdock, “Across the Great Divide,” 90.
27. Garnham, “Political Economy and Cultural Studies,” 70.
28. Grossberg, “Cultural Studies vs. Political Economy,” 77.
29. Grossberg, “Cultural Studies vs. Political Economy,” 78.
30. Garnham, “Political Economy and Cultural Studies,” 69.
31. Grossberg, “Cultural Studies vs. Political Economy,” 79.
32. Grossberg, “Cultural Studies vs. Political Economy,” 77.
33. Grossberg, “Cultural Studies vs. Political Economy,” 79; emphasis added.
34. Lawrence Grossberg, We Gotta Get Out of this Place: Popular Conservativism
and the Postmodern Culture (New York: Routledge, 1992), 54; quoted in Jennifer
Daryl Slack, “The Theory and Method of Articulation in Cultural Studies,” in Stuart
Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies, ed. David Morley and Kuan-Hsing Chen
(London: Routledge, 1996), 115.
35. Lawrence Grossberg, “The Formations of Cultural Studies: An American in
Birmingham,” in Relocating Cultural Studies: Developments in Theory and Research,
ed. Valda Blundell, John Shepherd and Ian Taylor (London: Routledge, 1993), 59;
emphasis added. One is reminded here of Ivy Lee’s dictum, “Truth happens to an
idea.” Lee was founder of the U.S. public relations industry, and according to Stuart
Ewen’s gloss, Lee proposed that “something asserted might become a fact, regardless
of its connection to actual events.” Stuart Ewen, PR! A Social History of Spin (New
York: Basic Books, 1996), 79.
36. Stuart Hall, “Encoding/Decoding,” quoted in Slack, “The Theory and Method
of Articulation in Cultural Studies,” 115.
37. In May 2008, EnCana, Canada’s largest energy company, announced it was
voluntarily splitting into two—at an estimated cost of $300 million. Combining and
disassembling structures, it would seem, requires time, energy, and resources. See An-