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Chapter 7.1: The Operational Environment: A Short History
           Soon, it was discovered that applications could be built. The early applications automated
           what would otherwise be tedious activities. The first applications centered around human
           resources, payroll, and accounts payable/receivable.


           The first applications used the computer to automate human activities.



           The First Applications



           Fig. 7.1.2 depicts the advent of the first applications.













































               Fig. 7.1.2 The advent of the first applications.


           Once organizations discovered that they could write applications, soon, applications
           began to spring up everywhere. In the very earliest days of application development, the
           coding practices were very nonuniform, to say the least. The code that was produced was
           very difficult to maintain and was often inefficient. In the early days, there were no
           standard coding practices. Everyone “did his/her own thing.” As a result, the code that
           was produced was very unstable.
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