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Brand Development and Brand Strategy  205


                           •  Reduced marketing costs
                           •  Trade leverage
                           •  Attracting new customers
                  Brand
                  loyalty     Create awareness
                              Reassurance
                           •  Time to respond to
                              competitive threats
                                                 •  Provides value to customer
                                                    by enhancing customer’s:
                           •  Anchor to which other     Interpretation/processing
                              associations can be          of information
                              attached              Confidence in the
                  Brand    •  Familarity-liking
                 awareness                               purchase decision
                           •  Signal of             Use satisfaction
                              substance/commitment
                           •  Brand to be considered

         Brand             •  Reason to buy
         equity            •  Differentiate/position
                 Perceived  •  Price
                  quality                        •  Provides value to firm by
                           •  Channel member interest
                                                    enhancing:
                           •  Extension
                                                    Efficiency and
                                                        effectiveness of
                                                        marketing programs
                           •  Help process/retrieve
                              information           Brand loyalty
                           •  Differentiate/position     Prices/margins
                  Brand                             Brand extensions
                associations  •  Reason-to-buy
                           •  Create positive       Trade leverage
                              attitude/feelings     Competitive advantage
                           •  Extensions
                  Other
                 proprietary  •  Competitive advantage
                  brand
                  assets
        Figure 8.6 Brand Equity Model (Aaker 1991, 1996)


        Perceived Quality
        Perceived quality is part of the human experience and is developed entirely
        from the perspective of the consumer, based on those product attributes that
        are important to them. Perceived quality may be different from the actual
        quality of the product. Studies have shown that the customer’s perception of
        quality has one of the greatest impacts on the financial performance of a
        company (Buzzell et al. 1987, p. 7; Jacobson and Aaker 1987; Anderson et al.
        1994). A study of 33 publicly traded stocks over a 4-year period demon-
        strated that perceived quality had an impact on stock return (Aaker 1996).
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