Page 155 - Design of Simple and Robust Process Plants

140 Chapter 4 Process Synthesis and Design Optimization
. Storage facilities are designed based on the availability and reliability of the
total supply chain to minimize the logistic costs.
. Integration of processes on a chemical complex with regard to raw materials
and utilities creates significant cost savings. The vulnerability of such a com-
plex requires a balanced investment in redundancy. The degree of redun-
dancy requires a careful evaluation, based on reliability engineering tech-
niques in order to avoid over-design.

References

APME (Association of Plastic Manufacturers CEI. Chemical Exposure Index Guide, 2nd
in Europe). Eco-profiles of the European edn. September 1993. Corporate Safety and
plastic industry. Report 9, September 1997. Loss Prevention, The Dow Chemical
Asante, N.D.K., Zhu X.X. An automated Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, USA.
approach for heat exchanger network CHETAH program. The ASTM chemical
retrofit featuring minimal topology thermodynamic and energy release program.
modifications. Computers Chem. Eng. 1996, American Society for Testing and Materials,
20 (Suppl.), 7±12. Philadelphia, PA.
Biegler, L.T., Grossmann, I.E., Westerberg, Dhole, V.R., Linnhoff, B. Total site targets for
A.W. Systematic Methods of Chemical Process fuel, co-generation, emissions and cooling.
Design. Prentice-Hall, 1997. Computers Chem. Eng. 1992, 17 (Suppl.),
ISBN 0-13-492422-3. S101±S109.
Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Douglas, J.M. Conceptual Design of Chemical
Hazards. Butterworth-Heinemann, Processes. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1988.
Stoneham MA, 1990. ISBN 0-07-017762-7.
Briones, V., Kokossis, A. A new approach for Douglas, J.M., Stephanopoulos, G.
the optimal retrofit of heat exchanger Hierarchical approaches in conceptual
networks. Computers Chem. Eng. 1996, 20 process design: framework and computer
(Suppl.), 43±48. aided implementation. AIChE Symposium,
Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) Series 304, 1995, pp. 183±197.
of the American Institute of Chemical Dutta, S., Gualy, R. Mordernize process
Engineers (AIChE). Guidelines for reactors. Hydrocarbon Processing 1999,
Engineering. Design for Process Safety. AIChE, November, 91±100.
New York, 1993. ISBN 0-8169-0565-7. EUR. Patent 0 461 222 B1 (Jacobsen, G.B.,
Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) of Pelt, H., Schaart, B.J.) Continuous process
the American Institution of Chemical for the telomerization of conjugated dienes.
Engineers (AIChE). Guidelines for Chemical The Dow Chemical Company.
Reactivity Evaluation and Application to EUR. Patent 0 561 779 B1 (Bohley et al.)
Process Design. AIChE, New York, 1995. Process for the producing 1-octene. The
ISBN 0-8169-0479-0. Dow Chemical Company.
Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) of F&EI. Fire & Explosion Index Hazard
the American Institute of Chemical Classification Guide, 6th edn., May 1987.
Engineers (AIChE). Inherently Safer Corporate Safety and Loss Prevention. The
Chemical Processes: A Life Cycle Approach Dow Chemical Company, Midland,
(Crowl, D., Ed.), New York, 1996. Michigan 48674, USA.
ISBN 0-8169-0703-X.